Fernando Villavicencio
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Fernando Alcibiades Villavicencio Valencia (; 12 October 1963 – 9 August 2023) was an Ecuadorian journalist, trade unionist, and politician who ran for
president of Ecuador The president of Ecuador (), officially called the constitutional president of the Republic of Ecuador (), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the exec ...
in the
2023 Ecuadorian general election Snap election, Snap general elections were held in Ecuador on 20 August 2023 to elect the President of Ecuador, members of the National Assembly (Ecuador), National Assembly, and to decide on two referendums. The elections were triggered by the ...
. He served as a member of the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
from 2021 until the dissolution of the legislative body on 17 May 2023, which caused the
2023 Ecuadorian political crisis A political crisis began in Ecuador on 17 May 2023 as a result of the impeachment trial against President Guillermo Lasso. The impeachment inquiry began in the National Assembly (Ecuador), National Assembly on 9 May and lasted until 17 May when ...
and a
snap election A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Snap elections in parliamentary systems are often called to resolve a political impasse such as a hung parliament where no single political party has a ma ...
. Prior to his political career, Villavicencio was an investigative journalist covering corruption and violence in
Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
. A critic of former president
Rafael Correa Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (; born 6 April 1963) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as the 45th president of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017. The leader of the PAIS Alliance political movement from its foundation until 2017, Corr ...
, Villavicencio was in exile in Peru after legal issues following his public critiques of the Correa administration. He spent several months imprisoned until all charges were dropped in February 2018. Having unsuccessfully run for the National Assembly in 2017, Villavicencio was elected in 2021, representing the national constituency. In May 2023, he announced his presidential candidacy for that year's general election. Following a campaign rally in
Quito Quito (; ), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city, capital and second-largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha Province, P ...
, Villavicencio was assassinated by gunshot on 9 August 2023.


Early life and education

Fernando Alcibiades Villavicencio Valencia was born in
Alausí Alausí is a town in the Chimborazo province of Ecuador. The town is particularly well-known across Ecuador for its railway heritage. It was named a ''Pueblo Mágico'' (magical town) by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) in 2019. His ...
, in the province of
Chimborazo Chimborazo () is a stratovolcano situated in Ecuador in the Cordillera Occidental (Ecuador), Cordillera Occidental range of the Andes. Its last known Types of volcanic eruptions, eruption is believed to have occurred around AD 550. Although not ...
. He studied journalism and communication at the
Cooperative University of Colombia The Cooperative University of Colombia () is a private institution of higher education founded in 1983, as a successor of the ''Instituto de Economía Social y Cooperativismo'' (Indesco). Locations The Cooperative University is characterized by ...
. He was married to Verónica Sarauz, whom he met while working at the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
. They have five children together. He joined
Petroecuador EP Petroecuador (''Empresa Estatal Petróleos del Ecuador''; ''Empresa Pública Petroecuador''; meaning: State Petroleum Company of Ecuador) is the national oil company of Ecuador. Ecuador is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporti ...
in 1996 first as a social communicator and then as a trade unionist until 1999, when he was fired by the government of
Jamil Mahuad Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt (born 29 July 1949) is an Ecuadorian lawyer, academic and former politician who served the 41st president of Ecuador from 1998 until he was deposed in a coup in 2000. He previously served as the 17th mayor of Quito from ...
.


Journalism career

Villavicencio began his journalism career with ''
El Universo ( Spanish for "The Universe") is one of the largest daily newspapers in Ecuador. It was founded in 1921 and the first edition was published September 16 of the same year. Its headquarters are located in Guayaquil. The newspaper has been publi ...
'' in
Guayaquil Guayaquil (), officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the largest city in Ecuador and also the nation's economic capital and main port. The city is the capital (political), capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil Canton. The city is ...
. During his investigative career at ''El Universo'', he was critical of various governments including that of
Gustavo Noboa Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano (21 August 1937 – 16 February 2021) was an Ecuadorian politician who served as the 42nd president of Ecuador from 22 January 2000 to 15 January 2003. Previously he served as the 42nd Vice President of Ecua ...
, whom he accused of corruption. Villavicencio was the first to report about detailed security logs on
Julian Assange Julian Paul Assange ( ; Hawkins; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006. He came to international attention in 2010 after WikiLeaks published a series of News leak, leaks from Chels ...
that staff and security guards at Ecuador's UK embassy kept. In 2015,
Cynthia Viteri Cynthia Fernanda Viteri Jiménez de Váscones (born 19 November 1965) is an Ecuadorian lawyer, journalist and politician. On March 24, 2019, she was elected Mayor of Guayaquil, the second-largest city in Ecuador, in the sectional elections of Ecu ...
and Villavicencio sent secret documents to
WikiLeaks WikiLeaks () is a non-profit media organisation and publisher of leaked documents. It is funded by donations and media partnerships. It has published classified documents and other media provided by anonymous sources. It was founded in 2006 by ...
showing that Ecuador was using an Italian company to run a surveillance program that was spying on journalists and political enemies, in addition to spying on Julian Assange in the embassy. ''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'' reported that leaked chat logs from 2015 show that Assange and his inner circle were aware of the documents, which were not published by WikiLeaks. In December 2018, WikiLeaks alleged that Villavicencio was a "serial fabricator" involved in a story in ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...
'' which claimed that U.S. President
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the 45 ...
's former campaign manager
Paul Manafort Paul John Manafort Jr. (; born April 1, 1949) is an American former lobbyist, political consultant, and attorney. A long-time Republican Party campaign consultant, he chaired the Trump presidential campaign from June to August 2016. Manafo ...
had met Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy. Whilst
TheGuardian.com ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...
identified the story as having been written only by Dan Collyns and
Luke Harding Luke Daniel Harding (born 21 April 1968) is a British journalist who is a foreign correspondent for ''The Guardian''. He is known for his coverage of Russia under Vladimir Putin, WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden. He was based in Russia for ''Th ...
, the print edition mentioned Villavicencio's name as a third author.


2022 attempted assassination

In the early hours of September 3, 2022, he was the victim of an attack, his home was hit by bullets, for which he received the solidarity of a group of assembly members. The attack of which he was a victim was under investigation.


Political career

After college, he was one of the founders of the Pachakutik Party in 1995. During the 2013–2014 National Assembly session, Villavicencio was a parliamentary assistant to Cléver Jiménez. During this time, Jiménez and Villavicencio accused President
Rafael Correa Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (; born 6 April 1963) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as the 45th president of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017. The leader of the PAIS Alliance political movement from its foundation until 2017, Corr ...
of having ordered an armed incursion at a hospital during a police revolt in September 2010. He was sued by Correa for libel, and Villavicencio was sentenced to 18 months in prison. He traveled to Washington, D.C., seeking assistance from the
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in the three other official languages Spanish, French, and Portuguese language, Portuguese CIDH, ''Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos'', ''Commission Interaméricaine des ...
, but when he returned to Ecuador, he already had an arrest warrant against him. Instead of turning himself in, he hid in the Amazon region until his sentence expired. At first, when he announced his parliamentary candidacy for the 2017 general election, his campaign was disallowed due to his legal charges. Once the charges were dismissed, he was able to resume his campaign; however, he lost the election. After his defeat, he was arrested on charges of
insult An insult is an expression, statement, or behavior that is often deliberately disrespectful, offensive, scornful, or derogatory towards an individual or a group. Insults can be intentional or unintentional, and they often aim to belittle, of ...
and espionage following his criticisms of the Correa administration. He fled to Peru and during his asylum in the country, all charges against him were dropped in February 2018. Villavicencio ran again for the National Assembly in
2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...
under the Honesty Alliance, this time winning a seat for the national constituency. In September 2022, Villavicencio claimed he was the target of an assassination attempt after his Quito home was allegedly attacked by gunfire. In May 2023, his tenure at the National Assembly ended with President
Guillermo Lasso Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza (; born 16 November 1955) is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker and politician who served as the 47th president of Ecuador from 2021 to 2023. He was the country's first conservative president in nearly tw ...
's dissolution of the National Assembly. Prior to the dissolution, Villavicencio was criticized by several Assembly members due to his obstruction of Lasso's impeachment process.


2023 presidential campaign

Shortly after the National Assembly was dissolved, Villavicencio announced his candidacy for
president of Ecuador The president of Ecuador (), officially called the constitutional president of the Republic of Ecuador (), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the exec ...
in the 2023 election. He focused on the growing corruption, violence in the country, and environmental protection. During his campaign, he called Ecuador a " narco state" due to the rise in gang-related violence. In June 2023, he named environmentalist Andrea González Náder as his running mate on the
Movimiento Construye The Movimiento Construye (MC25), also known simply as Construye, is an Ecuadorian political party founded in 2004. It was originally founded under the name Ruptura 25 (R25). The party joined an alliance with the Democratic Left in 2016.''El Telég ...
(MC-25) ticket. On 10 June, the Villavicencio-González ticket registered its candidacy for the MC-25 alliance. On 16 June, the National Electoral Council rejected his candidacy due to insufficient information; however, the issue was resolved and his candidacy was approved four days later. A 9 July poll found Villavicencio in fourth place, polling at 10.23%. A week later on 18 July, a poll found Villavicencio polling in second place with 13.2%, with former Assemblywoman
Luisa González Luisa Magdalena González Alcivar (born 22 November 1977) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer. She has been the President of the Citizen Revolution Movement since 2023 and was the party's presidential candidate in the 2023 Ecuadorian general ...
in first place at 26.6%. In August 2023, at the time of his assassination, Villavicencio had been polling at 7.5%. Another poll conducted on the day of his assassination, found him in second place behind González. After his assassination, he was replaced on the ballot by a journalist, Christian Zurita, while Villavicencio's running mate Andrea González remained on the ballot.


Assassination and trial

On 9 August 2023 at 18:20 ( ET), Villavicencio was shot in the head while entering a vehicle shortly after concluding a campaign rally at the Colegio Anderson in the northern part of
Quito Quito (; ), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city, capital and second-largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha Province, P ...
. During the attack, the gunmen also threw a
grenade A grenade is a small explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a Shell (projectile), shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A mod ...
, but it failed to detonate. Villavicencio was rushed to a nearby clinic where he was pronounced dead. He was 59 years old. Nine others were also injured during the shooting, including two police officers. Villavicencio was guarded at the time of the assassination. A suspect in the assassination was killed during a shootout. His assassination occurred less than two weeks before the general election. A day prior to his death, Villavicencio made a report to the
Justice Ministry A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...
about an unnamed oil business; no further details about the report are known. ''
The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington m ...
'' noted that his assassination occurred during a time of increasing gang violence in the country. Villavicencio had received multiple death threats; including one from the
Sinaloa Cartel The Sinaloa Cartel (, , after the native Sinaloa region), also known as the ''CDS'', the ''Guzmán-Loera Organization'', the ''Federation'', the ''Sinaloa Cartel'', or the Pacific Cartel, is a large, drug trafficking transnational organized cri ...
during his presidential campaign, with the most recent being a week prior to the shooting. President
Guillermo Lasso Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza (; born 16 November 1955) is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker and politician who served as the 47th president of Ecuador from 2021 to 2023. He was the country's first conservative president in nearly tw ...
confirmed Villavicencio's death and said that the "crime will not go unpunished". After the attack, Lasso requested a security meeting with officials at
Palacio de Carondelet Carondelet Palace () is the seat of government of the Republic of Ecuador, located in Quito. Access is by the public space known as Independence Square or Plaza Grande (colloquial name), around which are also the Archbishop's Palace, Municipa ...
in Quito. Presidential candidate
Jan Topić Jan Tomislav Topić Feraud (born 23 April 1983) is an Ecuadorian businessman, economist, and politician who ran for President of Ecuador in the 2023 Ecuadorian general election. He was eliminated in the first round held on 20 August 2023, coming ...
used Villavicencio's assassination as a reason to act against the growing violence in the country. Presidential candidates
Yaku Pérez Yaku may refer to: * Yakushima, Japan (屋久島), which could be referred to as Yaku Island * Yaku, Kagoshima, Japan (屋久町), a town on the island of Yakushima in Kagoshima Prefecture * Yaku, Nepal *A specific combination of tiles or cards th ...
, Xavier Hervas,
Otto Sonnenholzner Otto Ramón Sonnenholzner Sper (, ; born 19 March 1983) is an Ecuadorian radio broadcaster, politician, and economist who served as the 50th Vice President of Ecuador from December 2018 to July 2020. He was a candidate for President of Ecuador ...
, and
Luisa González Luisa Magdalena González Alcivar (born 22 November 1977) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer. She has been the President of the Citizen Revolution Movement since 2023 and was the party's presidential candidate in the 2023 Ecuadorian general ...
expressed their condolences and condemned the attack. Former President Correa remarked on his killing that Ecuador had become a "failed state" and warned that "those who try to sow more hate" with his death "will only continue to destroy us". The electoral observation mission of the
Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; ; ; ) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, the OAS is ...
(OAS), due to begin arriving in Ecuador the following day, issued a statement in which it condemned the murder, shared the grief and consternation of the Ecuadorian people, and called on the authorities to conduct a thorough and comprehensive investigation. Videos of the attack began circulating on social media shortly after his death was confirmed. Videos showed Villavencio entering a vehicle when several shots were fired with witnesses screaming. Villaviencio's party also said that armed men had attacked their offices in Quito on the day of the assassination. Following the assassination, Villavicencio's widow Verónica Sarauz said that his security team had failed. Villavicencio's running mate Andrea González said that a street in his hometown of
Alausí Alausí is a town in the Chimborazo province of Ecuador. The town is particularly well-known across Ecuador for its railway heritage. It was named a ''Pueblo Mágico'' (magical town) by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) in 2019. His ...
would be named in Villavicencio's honor. In a video released on social media that evening, a criminal group known as ''
Los Lobos Los Lobos (, Spanish for "the Wolves") is a Mexican American rock group, rock band from East Los Angeles, California. Their music is influenced by rock and roll, Tex-Mex, country, zydeco, folk, R&B, blues, brown-eyed soul, and traditional ...
'' claimed responsibility for the attack, but the authenticity of the video was questioned. On 9 August, six Colombian men were detained in connection with the assassination, but were later killed in prison on 6 October. Two days later on 11 August, a public memorial for Villavicencio was held at the Quito Exhibition Center followed by a private funeral for relatives and associates. He was buried at Monteolivo Cemetery in northern Quito the following day. On 12 July 2024, a court in Quito sentenced Carlos Angulo, the alleged leader of the Los Lobos gang, and Laura Castilla to 34 years' imprisonment for ordering the assassination. Three other accomplices were also sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. On April 8, 2025, Villavicencio's widow, Verónica Sarauz, denounced, through her
Twitter Twitter, officially known as X since 2023, is an American microblogging and social networking service. It is one of the world's largest social media platforms and one of the most-visited websites. Users can share short text messages, image ...
account, that the investigation process proposed by the Ecuadorian Attorney General's Office, in charge of
Diana Salazar Méndez Diana Salazar Méndez (born 5 June 1981, Ibarra, Ecuador) is an Ecuadorian jurist and lawyer, and the current Attorney-General of Ecuador. She was said to be leading the country's fight against "narcopolitics" in January 2024, and was describ ...
, is tainted by political and drug trafficking interests, and even that the Prosecutor herself and President
Daniel Noboa Daniel Roy Gilchrist Noboa Azín ( ; ; born30 November 1987) is an Ecuadorian politician and businessman serving as the 48th and current president of Ecuador since 2023. Having first taken office at the age of 35, he is the second-youngest pr ...
could be involved in concealing information about Fernando's murder.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Villavicencio, Fernando 1963 births 2023 deaths 2023 murders in Ecuador Anti-corruption activists People from Chimborazo Province Members of the National Assembly (Ecuador) Candidates for President of Ecuador Assassinated Ecuadorian politicians Deaths by firearm in Ecuador 21st-century Ecuadorian politicians 21st-century Ecuadorian male writers 21st-century journalists Politicians assassinated in 2023