() is a type of
traditional Chinese wedding set of attire categorized under , which was worn by
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...
women in
Ming
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, t ...
and
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
dynasties.
The attire was composed an upper and lower garment following the traditional Chinese clothing system. It was typically composed of a red coloured ' (), a type of a Chinese '-skirt known as ' (), the ' (), and the '.
The was sometimes adorned with the .
Following the wedding ceremony, married women were expected to wear the on formal occasions, however,
Chinese trousers or leggings were worn beneath instead of the skirt.
Construction and design
In the Qing dynasty, the ' was a set of attire which was composed of a red coloured , a type of Chinese upper garment, called () and a , lower skirt, called ().
The was a in the style of the Ming dynasty which was typically decorated with Chinese dragons and was used to be worn by the Han Chinese women as a court robe in the Ming dynasty. The ' () was a , which could either be red or green in colour; it was typically embroidered with
dragons
A dragon is a magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in Western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depict ...
and
phoenixes on the front and back skirt panel.
The set was also completed by two important accessories from which the set of attire gained its name: the ' () and the phoenix coronet, known as '.
The appearance of the appearance and construction differed depending on the time period: in the Ming dynasty, the was similar to a long scarf or
stole in appearance; however, it could either be found in the shape of a stole or a waistcoat in the Qing dynasty.
Sometimes, the ' can be further decorated with Chinese cloud collar known as '.
See also
*
Traditional Chinese wedding dress
Traditional Chinese wedding dress is a collective term which refers to all the different forms and styles of traditional wedding attire worn by the Han Chinese when performing their Wedding, marriage ceremony, including the traditional Chinese ma ...
*
Fengguan
(), also known as phoenix coronet or phoenix hat, is a type of (a type of China, Chinese traditional headgear) for women in . It was worn mainly by noblewomen for ceremonies or official occasions. It is also traditional headgear for brides and c ...
*
Xiapei
Xiapei (), also known as hapi () in Korea, is a type of Chinese clothing accessory in either the form of a long scarf, a neckband, or in the shape of waistcoat depending on the time period. It was also referred as xiapeizhui () when it was orname ...
*
Hanfu
''Hanfu'' (, lit. "Han Chinese, Han clothing"), also known as ''Hanzhuang'' (), are the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese since the 2nd millennium BCE. There are several representative styles of ''hanfu'', such as the (an ...
*
Ruqun
(;) is a set of attire in which consists of a short jacket typically called () worn under a long Chinese skirt called (). However, when use as a general term, can broadly describe a set of attire which consists of a separated upper garment ...
*
Traditional Chinese marriage
Traditional Chinese marriage () is a ceremonial ritual within China, Chinese societies that involves not only a union between spouses but also a union between the two families of a man and a woman, sometimes established by Arranged marriage, pre-a ...
Gallery
File:五品官員夫婦像.jpg, Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.''
File:Noblewoman5.jpg, alt=, Ming dynasty noblewomen wearing a blue embroidered xiapei over her red robe
File:Traditional chinese wedding.jpg, Reconstruction of Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.''
File:Qing Dynasty Lady in a red robe.jpg, Portrait of lady in ''fengguan xiapei'' in Qing dynasty,
References
Chinese traditional clothing
Marriage in Chinese culture
Wedding dresses
Embroidery
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