''Fate of Nations'' is the sixth studio album by English singer

Robert Plant Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948) is an English singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band Led Zeppelin from its founding in 1968 until their breakup in 1980. Since then, he has had a successful solo ca ...

, released 24 May 1993 on Es Paranza Records in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

and

Fontana Records Fontana Records is a record label that started in the 1950s as a subsidiary of the Dutch Philips Records. Fontana Distribution, an independent label distributor, takes its name from the label. History Fontana began in the 1950s as a subsidi ...

internationally. It features former

Cutting Crew Cutting Crew is an English rock band formed in London in 1985. They are best known for their debut studio album ''Broadcast'' (1986) and their UK Top 40 hit singles, "(I Just) Died in Your Arms" and " I've Been in Love Before". History 1985� ...

guitarist

Kevin MacMichael Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1986 with "(I Ju ...

on all songs and as well as being a backing vocalist. In addition, the album also features violinist

Nigel Kennedy Nigel Kennedy (born 28 December 1956) is an English violinist and viola, violist. His early career was primarily spent performing classical music, and has since expanded into jazz music, jazz, klezmer, and other music genres. Early life and ...

on one song. The song "I Believe" is a tribute to Plant's late son, Karac.

Background

Plant explained his album in the following terms:

Reissues

''Fate of Nations'' was remastered and reissued by

Rhino Records A rhinoceros ( ; ; ; : rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant taxon, extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls) in the family (biology), famil ...

on 20 March 2007, with five additional bonus tracks. In April 2019, the album was reissued on vinyl for Record Store Day 2019.

Track listing

Personnel

* Robert Plant – vocals, guitars (9), backing vocals (11) * Phil Johnstone –

harmonium The pump organ or reed organ is a type of organ that uses free reeds to generate sound, with air passing over vibrating thin metal strips mounted in a frame. Types include the pressure-based harmonium, the suction reed organ (which employs a va ...

(3), acoustic piano (4),

organ Organ and organs may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a group of tissues organized to serve a common function * Organ system, a collection of organs that function together to carry out specific functions within the body. Musical instruments ...

(9), electric piano (10, 11), backing vocals (11), electric orchestra (12) * Phillip Andrews – keyboards (6) *

– guitars (1–7, 9–12), backing vocals (4) * Oliver J. Woods – guitars (2, 6) *

Francis Dunnery Francis Dunnery (born 25 December 1962) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner. Dunnery was the lead singer and guitarist for British prog- pop band It Bites between 1982 and 1990. Since 1990 he has ...

– guitars (3, 9) *

Richard Thompson Richard Thompson may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Richard Thompson (animator) (1914–1998), Warner Bros. cartoon animator in the 1950s * Richard Thompson (cartoonist) (1957–2016), cartoonist who also worked as an illustrator * Richard Tho ...

– guitars (3) * Doug Boyle – guitars (4, 12) *

Maartin Allcock Maartin Allcock (born Martin Allcock; 5 January 1957 – 16 September 2018) was an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer. Biography Born in Middleton, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester), England, Allcock studied music at Hudder ...

–

mandolin A mandolin (, ; literally "small mandola") is a Chordophone, stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is generally Plucked string instrument, plucked with a plectrum, pick. It most commonly has four Course (music), courses of doubled St ...

(7, 8), guitars (8), bass (8), Aeoleon pipes (8) * Gurdev Singh –

dilruba The dilruba (also spelled dilrupa) is a bowed musical instrument originating in India. It is a type of Bowed Sitar that's slightly larger than an esraj and has a larger, square resonance box like a sarangi. The dilruba holds particular importa ...

(12),

sarod The sarod is a stringed instrument, used in Hindustani music on the Indian subcontinent. Along with the sitar, it is among the most popular and prominent instruments. It is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet ...

(12) * Surge Singh –

sarangi The sārangī is a bowed, short-necked three-stringed instrument played in traditional music from South Asia – Punjabi folk music, Rajasthani folk music, Sindhi folk music, Haryanvi folk music, Braj folk music, and Boro folk music (the ...

(12) *

Rainer Ptacek Rainer Ptacek, also known mononymously as Rainer (June 7, 1951 – November 12, 1997), was a German-American guitarist and singer-songwriter based in Tucson, Arizona for much of his adult life. His guitar technique, which incorporated slide, fi ...

–

resonator guitar A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar (often generically called a " Dobro") is an acoustic guitar that produces sound by conducting string vibrations through the bridge to one or more spun metal cones (resonators), instead of to the guitar' ...

(14) * Charlie Jones – bass (1–7, 9–12), all instruments xcept guitar and drums(2) *

Pete Thompson Pete Thompson (born 1952) is an English rock drummer who has played with Silverhead, Robin Trower, Robert Plant, Pete Haycock, Eric Bibb, Ken Hensley, and David Byron. He has been a professional touring, recording and session drummer throughou ...

– drums (1, 3, 9, 10, 11) *

Chris Hughes Christopher Hughes (born November 26, 1983) is an American entrepreneur and author who co-founded and served as spokesman for the online social directory and networking site Facebook until 2007. He was the publisher and editor-in-chief of ''The ...

– drums (2–5, 7–10, 12) * Michael Lee – drums (6, 12) * Chris Blackwell – drums (9) *

– violin (1) * Navazish Ali Khan – violin (12) * Nigel Eaton –

hurdy-gurdy The hurdy-gurdy is a string instrument that produces sound by a hand-turned crank, rosined wheel rubbing against the strings. The wheel functions much like a violin (or nyckelharpa) bow, and single notes played on the instrument sound similar ...

(3, 4) * Lynton Naiff – string arrangements (7, 10) *

Máire Brennan Moya Brennan (born Máire Philomena Ní Bhraonáin on 4 August 1952), also known as Máire Brennan, is an Irish folk singer, songwriter, harpist, and philanthropist. She is the sister of the musical artist known as Enya. She began performing pr ...

– backing vocals (3) * Steve French – backing vocals (4) * Julian Taylor – backing vocals (4) * John Flynn – backing vocals (10)

Production

* David Bates – A&R * Chris Hughes – producer * Robert Plant – producer * Michael Gregovich – engineer, mixing (9, 10, 12) *

Tim Palmer Tim Palmer may refer to: * Tim Palmer (film historian) (born 1975), English film historian * Tim Palmer (journalist), Australian journalist * Tim Palmer (1943-1997), British technology journalist * Tim Palmer (physicist) (born 1952), English physic ...

– mixing (1–8, 11) * Henry Binns – second engineer * John Cornfield – second engineer * Ross Cullum – second engineer * Pete Lewis – second engineer * Mark O'Donoughue – second engineer * Danton Supple – second engineer * Jacquie Turner – second engineer * Martin "Cally" Callomon – sleeve design * Julian Broad – photography * Andy Earl – photography *

Bill Curbishley William George Curbishley (born 13 March 1942) is an English music and film producer and band manager. He has managed English rock groups The Who and Judas Priest, as well as artists Jimmy Page and Robert Plant. Life Curbishley was one of six ...

– management

Charts

Certifications

References

{{Authority control 1993 albums Albums produced by Chris Hughes (musician) Robert Plant albums