Fasciolariidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of small to large

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Species in Fasciolariidae are commonly known as tulip snails and spindle snails. The family Fasciolariidae most likely appeared about 110 million years ago during the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...

period.

Distribution

The recent species inhabit tropical to temperate waters.

Description

The anatomy of Fasciolariidae and Buccinidae is very similar. Distinction is usually made on basis of differences in the

radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...

and the stomach anatomy. The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The spire is elongated. The siphonal canal is well developed and is long to moderately long. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum has an oval shape. Their

is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid (= comblike) cusps. Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other

s and on

bivalve Bivalvia () or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class (biology), class of aquatic animal, aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed b ...

s. Some also prey on

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateria, bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limb (anatomy), limbs, and usually no eyes. Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine ...

s and

barnacle Barnacles are arthropods of the subclass (taxonomy), subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacean, Crustacea. They are related to crabs and lobsters, with similar Nauplius (larva), nauplius larvae. Barnacles are exclusively marine invertebra ...

s. The snails are gonochoristic, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped, or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the Fasciolariidae consist of the following subfamilies: * Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853 * Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 (inv.); Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901 * Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929

Genera

Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include (fossil genera are marked with a dagger): ;subfamily Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * † '' Africolithes'' Eames, 1957 * † '' Austrolithes'' Finlay, 1931 * † '' Chiralithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † '' Clavellofusus'' Grabau, 1904 * † '' Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 * † '' Cosmolithes'' Grabau, 1904 * † '' Mancorus'' Olsson, 1931 * † '' Papillina'' Conrad, 1855 * † '' Perulithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (Junior homonym of Clavella Oken, 1815. Has been renamed Clavilithes.) * † ''Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (objective synonym) * † ''Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * † '' Daphnobela'' Cossmann, 1896 * † '' Euthriofusus'' Cossmann, 1901 ;subfamily Fasciolariinae * '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 -

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

, the Tulip shells * '' Africolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Araiofusus'' Callomon & Snyder, 2017 * '' Aurantilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Australaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Bellifusus'' Stephenson, 1941 † * '' Boltenella'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Brucia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * '' Calkota'' Squires & Saul, 2003 * '' Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957 * '' Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * '' Cryptorhytis'' Meek, 1876 † * '' Drilliovoluta'' Cossmann, 1925 † * '' Drilluta'' Wade, 1916 † * '' Filifusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Glaphyrina'' Finlay, 1926 * '' Granolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Haplovoluta'' Wade, 1918 † * '' Hercorhyncus'' Conrad, 1869 † * '' Hylus'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Kilburnia'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * '' Lirofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Lugubrilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * '' Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Mariafusus'' Petuch, 1988 † * '' Micasarcina'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * '' Microcolus'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * '' Microfulgur'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * '' Mylecoma'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * '' Odontofusus'' Whitfield, 1892 † * '' Paleopsephaea'' Wade, 1926 † * '' Parafusus'' Wade, 1918 † * '' Perse'' B.L. Clark, 1918 † * '' Piestochilus'' Meek, 1864 † * '' Plectocion'' Stewart, 1927 † * '' Pleia'' Finlay, 1930 * '' Pleuroploca'' P. Fischer, 1884 * '' Pliculofusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 † * '' Saginafusus'' Iredale, 1931 * '' Scobina'' Wade, 1917 † * '' Serrifusus'' Meek, 1876 † * '' Skyles'' Saul & Popenoe, 1993 † * '' Terebraspira'' Conrad, 1862 † * '' Trichifusus'' Bandel, 2000 † * '' Triplofusus'' Olsson & Harbison, 1953 * '' Wadia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * '' Whitneyella'' Stewart, 1927 † * '' Woodsella'' Wade, 1926 † ;subfamily Fusininae * '' Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * '' Aegeofusinus'' Russo, 2017 * '' Africofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Amiantofusus'' Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007 * † '' Angustifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Apertifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''

Aptyxis ''Aptyxis'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Aptyxis Troschel, 1868. ...

'' Troschel, 1868 * '' Araiofusus'' Callomon & Snyder, 2017 * '' Ariefusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Aristofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Barbarofusus'' Grabau & Shimer, 1909 * '' Callifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Chryseofusus'' Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003 * '' Cyrtulus'' Hinds, 1843 - '' Cyrtulus serotinus'' Hinds, 1843 * '' Enigmofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * † '' Eofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Falsicolus'' Finlay, 1930 * '' Falsifusus'' Grabau, 1904 † * '' Fredenia'' Cadée & Janssen, 1994 † * '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily Fusininae * '' Gemmocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Goniofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1880 * '' Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * '' Harasewychia'' Petuch, 1987 * '' Harfordia'' Dall, 1921 * '' Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904 * '' Helolithus'' Agassiz, 1846 † * '' Hesperaptyxis'' Snyder & Vermeij, 2016 * '' Lepidocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Liracolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * '' Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * '' Marmorofusus'' Snyder & Lyons, 2014 * '' Okutanius'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * '' Ollaphon'' Iredale, 1929 * '' Priscofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Profusinus'' Bandel, 2000 † * '' Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924 * '' Pseudaptyxis'' Petuch, 1988 † * '' Pullincola'' de Gregorio, 1894 † * '' Remera'' Stephenson, 1941 † * '' Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 † * '' Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972 * '' Solutofusus'' Pritchard, 1898 † * '' Spirilla'' Agassiz, 1842 † * '' Streptocarina'' Hinsch, 1977 † * '' Streptochetus'' Cossmann, 1889 † * '' Streptodictyon'' Tembrock, 1961 † * '' Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * '' Tectifusus'' Tate, 1893 † * '' Trophonofusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * '' Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 † * '' Vermeijius'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * '' Viridifusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 ;subfamily Peristerniinae * '' Peristernia'' Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily Peristerniinae * '' Aptycholathyrus'' Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 † * '' Ascolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Benimakia'' Habe, 1958 * '' Brocchitas'' Finlay, 1927 † * '' Bullockus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * '' Dennantia'' Tate, 1888 † * '' Dentifusus'' Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003 * '' Eolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Exilifusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * '' Fractolatirus'' Iredale, 1936 * '' Fusolatirus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * '' Lathyropsis'' Oostingh, 1939 † * '' Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Latirogona'' Laws, 1944 † * '' Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * '' Latirulus'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * '' Leucozonia'' Gray, 1847 * '' Lightbournus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * '' Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * '' Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * '' Neolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Nodolatirus'' Bouchet & Snyder, 2013 * '' Nodopelagia'' Hedley, 1915 * '' Opeatostoma'' Berry, 1958 * '' Plesiolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * '' Plicatella'' Swainson, 1840 * '' Polygona'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Psammostoma'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 † * '' Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884WoRMS (2010). ''Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446090 on 2010-08-01 * '' Pustulatirus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2006 * '' Ruscula'' Casey, 1904 † * '' Streptopelma'' Cossmann, 1901 † * '' Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917 * '' Taron'' Hutton, 1883 * '' Teralatirus'' Coomans, 1965 * '' Turrilatirus'' Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006 ; Subfamily ? * '' Crassibougia'' Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012 Image:Aquilofusus semiglaber 01.JPG, '' Aquilofusus semiglaber'' Image:Australaria australasia Tulip shell P1081524.jpg, '' Australaria australasia'' Image:Benimakia marquesana 001.jpg, '' Benimakia marquesana'' Image:Chryseofusus jurgeni 001.jpg, '' Chryseofusus jurgeni'' Image:Cinctura hunteria 001.jpg, '' Cinctura hunteria'' Image:Clavilithes laevigatus 01.JPG, '' Clavilithes laevigatus'' Image:Dolicholatirus bairstowi 001.jpg, '' Dolicholatirus bairstowi'' Image:Euthriofusus burdigalensis forma typica 01.JPG, '' Euthriofusus burdigalensis'' Image:Fasciolaria scalarina 01.JPG, '' Fasciolaria scalarina'' Image:Pleuroploca filamentosa 01.JPG, '' Filifusus filamentosus'' Image:Fusinus polygonoides 01.JPG, '' Fusinus polygonoides'' Image:Fusolatirus paetelianus 01.JPG, '' Fusolatirus paetelianus'' Image:Granulifusus dondani 01.JPG, '' Granulifusus dondani'' Image:Latirus polygonus 001.jpg, '' Latirus polygonus'' Image:Opeatostoma pseudodon 39a.jpg, '' Opeatostoma pseudodon'' Image:Peristernia nassatula 001.jpg, '' Peristernia nassatula'' Image:Pleuroploca trapezium 01.JPG, '' Pleuroploca trapezium'' Image:Pseudolatirus kuroseanus 01.JPG, '' Pseudolatirus kuroseanus'' Image:Tarantinaea lignarius 01.JPG, '' Tarantinaea lignarius'' Image:Turrilatirus turritus 01.JPG, '' Turrilatirus turritus'' ; Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Aptyxis'' Troschel, 1868: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Buccinofusus'' Conrad, 1868: synonym of '' Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * ''Bulbifusus'' Conrad, 1865 †: synonym of '' Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * ''Chasca'' Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of '' Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835: synonym of '' Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * ''Cymatium'' Link, 1807: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Exilifusus'' Gabb, 1876 †: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Fusilatirus'' McGinty, 1955: synonym of '' Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * '' Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1881 †: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Iaeranea'' Rafinesque, 1815: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Lagena'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of '' Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * ''Lathyrus'' Schinz, 1825: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889: synonym of '' Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * ''Latyrus'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of '' Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudofusus'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudolatirus'' Cossmann, 1889 †: synonym of '' Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * ''Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972: synonym of '' Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * ''Sinistralia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917: synonym of '' Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799

References

{{Authority control Gastropod families Taxa named by John Edward Gray