Fan Hong (; ; died 1449) was a

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

eunuch, who served as Eunuch Director of the Directorate of Ceremonial () during the reign of the

Xuande Emperor The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zhanji, was the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1435. He was the son and successor of ...

. He was a native of

Jiaozhi Province Jiaozhi Provincial Administration Commission (交趾等處承宣布政使司), commonly abbreviated as Jiaozhi (交趾), was a provincial-level administrative body established by the Ming dynasty in Vietnam during the Fourth Era of Northern Domi ...

(present-day northern

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

), born as Phạm An (; ''Fan An''). During the reign of the

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Chengzu of Ming, personal name Zhu Di, was the third List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 142 ...

, he was selected by

Zhang Fu Zhang Fu (; ; 1375–1449), courtesy name Wenbi (), was a Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of general Zhang Yu, one of Zhu Di's (later Yongle Emperor) finest generals. Zhang Yu was killed in the Jingnan camp ...

, Duke of Ying, and sent to the court, where he was favored by the emperor, who ordered him to read and dabble in history. Later, he served Crown Prince Zhu Gaochi in the Eastern Palace. During the reign of the Xuande Emperor, he was promoted to the position of Eunuch Director of the Directorate of Ceremonial and was granted a pardon from death. During Emperor Yingzong's first reign, he received favor from the emperor and followed him on a northern expedition, but died during the

Tumu Crisis The Crisis of the Tumu Fortress, also known as the Tumu Crisis, or the Jisi Incident, was a border conflict between the Oirat Mongols and the Ming dynasty. In July 1449, Esen Taishi, leader of the Oirat Mongols, launched a large-scale, three-pro ...

References

Citations

Works cited

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Fan, Hong Ming dynasty eunuchs Year of birth unknown 1449 deaths