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Mohd Faizal Musa (born 7 August 1974), also known under the pen name Faisal Tehrani, is a
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
n
author An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...
and
playwright A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
. Due to the frequent writing and ideas he was known as a controversial person. He is the author of many books and literary works of various lengths, including stage plays. National Laureate Anwar Ridwan praises of Faisal's writing "conscious of high literature and full of vision." Faisal has won numerous literary prizes and awards, including the
National Art Award National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland ...
('' Anugerah Seni Negara'') in 2006.


Education

Mohd Faizal Musa was born on 7 August 1974 in
Kuala Lumpur , anthem = ''Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , sub ...
before moving to
Malacca Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site s ...
at the age of 5. He started school at Sacred Heart School of Malacca, then at Primary School Jalan Dato Palembang. Faisal continued his studies at Sekolah Menengah Sultan Muhammad until the age of 15, managing to get excellent Lower Certificate of Education results, after which he continued his studies at the Klang Islamic College (now the
Sultan Alam Shah Islamic College Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah ( en, Sultan Alam Shah Islamic College; abbreviated KISAS; formerly known as ''Kolej Islam Klang'') is an Islamic boarding school in Klang, Selangor. It was bestowed the title Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi (High Perfo ...
). Faisal often honed his skills by supplementary writing of his teenage experiences in a teenage magazine.


Expertise

Mohd Faizal is a graduate of
Bachelor A bachelor is a man who is not and has never been married.Bachelors are, in Pitt & al.'s phrasing, "men who live independently, outside of their parents' home and other institutional settings, who are neither married nor cohabitating". (). Etymol ...
of Syariah-Politics of the
University of Malaya The University of Malaya ( ms, Universiti Malaya, UM; abbreviated as UM or informally the Malayan University) is a public research university located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the oldest and highest ranking Malaysian institution of highe ...
(1998), a
Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. ...
from
Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia ( 'Science University of Malaysia'; abbreviation, abbreviated as USM) is a public research university in Malaysia. Founded on 1 June 1969 as a statutory body with its own constitution, it is among the oldest institute ...
(2000),
Doctor of Philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
from the
National University of Malaysia The National University of Malaysia ( ms, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, abbreviated as UKM) is a public university located in Bandar Baru Bangi, Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. Its teaching hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ...
(2010). He now works at the
National University of Malaysia The National University of Malaysia ( ms, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, abbreviated as UKM) is a public university located in Bandar Baru Bangi, Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. Its teaching hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ...
. As a
Research Fellow A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a p ...
at the Institute of Malay World and Civilisation, his research is on the
Shiite Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...
minority in the Malay world. In 2019, he was appointed as a
Associate of the Global Sh’ia Diaspora
at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs at
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
, United States of America.


Writing career

Faisal began his writing career with ''Cinta Hari-hari Rusuhan'' published by Creative Enterprise and ''Perempuan Politikus Melayu'' by Penerbitan Pemuda, both published in 2000. Both of his works lead to his nomination in the 2000-2001 Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia. There was also ''Maaf Dari Sorga'', which only managed to be published in 2003 by Zebra Publications. Johan Jaafar, a famous literary critic named some good political novels from Malaysia and the Malay Politic Women as "highlighting the pattern of women's political thinking". In 2002 he released ''1515'', an alternative historical fiction that takes on the Portuguese conquest of Malacca with victory siding instead to the
Malacca Sultanate The Malacca Sultanate ( ms, Kesultanan Melaka; Jawi script: ) was a Malays (ethnic group), Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia. Conventional historical thesis marks as the founding year of the sultanate by King o ...
. It won first place in the 2002 Utusan Malaysia-Exxon Mobil Literature Prize plus the 2005 National Book Award in the General Malay Fiction category. The book is also used as a reading text for Malay studies at the University of Cologne in Germany. The book was eventually translated in 2011 by the National Translation Institute of Malaysia (Institut Terjemahan Buku Malaysia, or ITBM). ''1515'' is considered to be the most significant work by Faisal Tehrani at the beginning of his writing. For instance, Professor Emeritus Dr
Salleh Yaapar Md. Salleh Yaapar (born December 20, 1946) is a Malaysian scholar of comparative literature and a professor of the School of Humanities at the University Sains Malaysia. He is the head of the Institute of Language and Literature of Malaysia a ...
,
Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia ( 'Science University of Malaysia'; abbreviation, abbreviated as USM) is a public research university in Malaysia. Founded on 1 June 1969 as a statutory body with its own constitution, it is among the oldest institute ...
(USM), talks about the greatness of 1515; "which re-reveals the history and identity of the Malays". In an academic paper, Professor Salleh also named ''1515'' as a masterpiece. Professor Sohaimi Abdul Aziz, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), also named 1515 as a novel full of techniques and literary approaches. Rosma Derak from
Universiti Malaysia Sabah , image = Seal of Universiti Malaysia Sabah.png , image_size = , caption = Seal , motto = ''Bertekad Cemerlang'' (Malay) Jawi: , mottoeng = Strive to Excel , ...
, Malaysia, described ''1515'' as the best of Faisal Tehrani's works and his strength was the use of 'deconstructing historiography' or 'rewriting history'. ''1515'' is also the only contemporary Malaysian novel mentioned in The Encyclopedia of the Blackwell issue of the novel (2011). ''Rahsia Ummi'' published by Zebra Publications, 2003. In the meantime there are also used to find the ''Tunggu Teduh Dulu'' serialized in the room of Utusan Malaysia and expired in December 2003. The novel was published by Penerbitan Se-lain (2004) and Ameen Publishing (2008). Another of his famous novel is ''1511H Kombat'' by Utusan Publications and Distributors (2004). It won first place in the 2003 Utusan Malaysia-Exxon Mobil Literature Prize in 2003; and ''Advencer Si Peniup Ney'' by Utusan Publications and Distributors (2004). It won first place Hadiah Sastera Utusan Malaysia-Exxon Mobil in 2004. He wrote the young adult novel ''Detektif Indigo'' in 2004, published by Utusan Publications and Distributors. It won second place Hadiah Sastera Utusan Malaysia-Exxon Mobil in 2004. In the meantime, he began composing the historical novel ''Surat-surat Perempuan Johor,'' which was released by Yayasan Warisan Johor in the following year. He won the Sayembara Novel Sejarah dan Tradisi Johor 1. The popularity of ''Detektif Jingga'' lead to a sequel titled ''Ikan Fugu, Lukisan & Jimson'' in 2007. In the academic papers 'Adolescent Knowledge Indexes in Detective Indigo' (2013), published in Malay Literature 26 (12): 80–99, two
University Malaya The University of Malaya ( ms, Universiti Malaya, UM; abbreviated as UM or informally the Malayan University) is a public research university located in Kuala Lumpur , anthem = ''Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map ...
scholars, Dr Tengku Intan Marlina Mohd Ali and Dr Salinah Ja'afar from the Malay Studies Academy stated that Detective Indigo novel is very loaded with science knowledge for teens and useful for practicing skills. The Novel ''Tunggu Teduh Dulu'' and ''Surat-surat Perempuan Johor'' received praise by Siti Rabeah Masri, Kamariah Kamarudin and Pabiyah Hajimaming (
Universiti Putra Malaysia University of Putra Malaysia ( Malay: ''Universiti Putra Malaysia''), abbreviated as UPM, is a Malaysian public research university located in Serdang, Selangor. Formerly it was named Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Agricultural University o ...
) in their paper entitled '''The Muslim Woman's Personality and the Development of Insan Al-Kamil in the Novels of Faisal Tehrani and Isa Kamari , published in Malay Literature 26 (1): 38-64; the scholars stated '''Faisal Tehrani's novels are more dominant in putting forth depictions Muslim women with extraordinary character. In 2007, Faisal Tehrani wrote ''Bedar Sukma Bisu'', published by
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka ( en, Institute of Language and Literature, Jawi: ديوان بهاس دان ڤوستاک), abbreviated DBP, is the government body responsible for coordinating the use of the Malay language and Malay-language litera ...
. It won the Sayembara Jubli Emas DBP general novel category. ''Bedar Sukma Bisu'' also won the Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia 2006/2007. The work was translated into English under the title of ''The Prau with the Silent Soul'' in 2009 by Zawiyah Baba. SM Zakir in the paper ''The Myth and Religion in the Fu Numeral'' and ''The Prau With the Silent Soul'' (Bedar Sukma Bisu) published in Malay Literature 22 (2): 168–190, praising Faisal's uses of composed myth in the novel. ''Manikam Kalbu'' by
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka ( en, Institute of Language and Literature, Jawi: ديوان بهاس دان ڤوستاک), abbreviated DBP, is the government body responsible for coordinating the use of the Malay language and Malay-language litera ...
(2007). It won the Sayembara Jubli Emas DBP teens novel category. , ''Manikam Kalbu'' was awarded the winner for the Teen Fiction Book of the Year category in the National Book Award at a ceremony held by the
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
and the National Book Council on 22 December 2009. Also won the ''Manikam Kalbu'', Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia 2006/2007. In a study, this novel is regarded as saturated with local knowledge by Dr Wan Zaliha Wan Othman and Professor Dr. Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan. Faisal continued the prolific producing ''Tuhan Manusia'' by Ameen Publishing (2007). Independent writer and director Amir Muhammad calls it "a provocative and surprising work. It is thematically conservative, but why should conservatives not be allowed to be provocative?" Faisal however disowned the work and ''Tunggu Teduh Dulu'' during a panel meeting at the
Singapore Writers Festival The Singapore Writers Festival is a literary event organised by the National Arts Council. Inaugurated in 1986, the festival serves a dual function of promoting new and emerging Singaporean and Asian writing to an international audience, as well ...
2015, saying it was just '''water under the bridge'.'' Mohd Faizal also refused to be associated with the movement of Islamic literature to the next phase of his writing, by asserting Islamic literature has distanced the audience and failed to achieve the purpose of humanity. Faisal, however, has yet to write anything critical essay about his points he is. The same thing he repeated during his opening remarks at the Fourth ASEAN Literary Festival in Jakarta, Indonesia. In 2017, ten years after the publication of ''Tuhan Manusia'', Faisal stated in his column article in
Free Malaysia Today Free Malaysia Today (FMT) is an independent, bilingual news online portal with content, in both English and Bahasa Malaysia (Malay), with a focus on Malaysian current affairs, published since 2009.
that he hoped to rewrite the novel after believing the aspect of belief or religion was the affair between man and God. He continued writing children's literature with ''Nama Beta Sultan Alauddin'' (2007) published Aberdeen World. In 2008, he released a continuation of the ''Detektif Indigo'' series, ''Detektif Indigo Kembali'' published by Ameen Publishing. It was followed by ''Ketupat Cinta'', originally published in
Harian Metro ''Harian Metro'' is a Malaysian daily newspaper owned by the New Straits Times Press. It is Malaysia's first Malay daily afternoon tabloid in Klang Valley, in contrast to morning tabloids in other part of Malaysia. The Harian Metro was esta ...
from 13 January to 5 August of the same year and reissued by Ameen Publishing as ''Ketupat Cinta Musim Pertama'' in 2009 followed by ''Ketupat Cinta Musim Kedua Penggal Pertama'' in 2012. Then, another historical novel authored the issue ''Saasatul Ibaad'' Aberdeen World (2008) and a novel ''Bahlut'' about the origin issue Ameen Publishing (2010). In 2011, Faisal Tehrani produce novel ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang'' with PTS Litera. In 2012, he released ''Perempuan Nan Bercinta'' published with the Institut Terjemahan Buku Malaysia (ITBM), which had caused repercussions by the government. It was later banned by the government of Malaysia in 2014. Undeterred by government pressure, he published the novel ''Bagaimana Anyss Naik Ke Langit'' with independent publisher DuBook Press that tells of the fate of an academic-activist who fights for the rights of the
Penan people The Penan are a nomadic indigenous people living in Sarawak and Brunei, although there is only one small community in Brunei; among those in Brunei half have been converted to Islam, even if only superficially. Penan are one of the last such pe ...
. Faisal also wrote a poem titled ''Di Tembok Berlin'' on the same year, which was dedicated to Chris Gueffroy, the last victim of the Berlin Wall who was killed on 5 February 1989. The poem was translated into German as ''An der Berliner Mauer'' by Hedy Holzwarth, Holger Warnke, and Volker Wolf in the ''Kuala Lumpur-Berlin'' anthology released by ITBM. In the field of drama, Faisal Tehrani is work; ''Rintih Chicago'' (winning the Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia 1996/97). ''Angin Madinah'' (Hadiah Sastera Berunsur Islam organized by Yayasan Pelajaran Islam Malaysia-DBP and won the Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia 2000–2001). ''MISI'' (1999-2000) was sponsored by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka to carry around Malaysia, it was staged in
Kota Kinabalu , image_skyline = , image_caption = From top, left to right, bottom:Kota Kinabalu skyline, Wawasan intersection, Tun Mustapha Tower, Kota Kinabalu Coastal Highway, the Kota Kinabalu City Mosque, the Wism ...
,
Kuching Kuching (), officially the City of Kuching, is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also the capital of Kuching Division. The city is on the Sarawak River at the southwest tip of the state of Sara ...
and
Penang Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Ma ...
. ''TiVi'' is an adaptation of a novella national laureate Shannon Ahmad and directed himself in 2003 and funded under the program by the Teater Kecil of the Sastera Kebangsaan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Faisal also released a collection of short stories published by Sasbadi titled ''Sehari Dalam Perang'' (1997). Also mini collection of short stories published Sasbadi under the title ''Safari Gilgit'' (1997), a collection of short stories with Azman Husin in 2000, a collection of short stories ''‘Lagi-Lagi Underground’'' with Sharil Hasril Sanin 2002. Short story collection ''Perempuan Anggerik published'' DBP in 2002, this collection of short stories shortlisted for Hadiah Sastera Perdana Malaysia 2002/2003, kumpulan Cerpen ''Kekasih Sam Po Bo'' issue Aberdeen World (2006). In 2010 he published a collection of short stories ''Tiga Kali Seminggu''. In the field of poetry Faisal Tehrani came with his first collection of poetry, namely ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' in 2010. It is published by Ameen Publishing. National
Laureate In English, the word laureate has come to signify eminence or association with literary awards or military glory. It is also used for recipients of the Nobel Prize, the Gandhi Peace Award, the Student Peace Prize, and for former music direct ...
Datuk Anwar Ridwan described ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' as "a publication that highlights his talent as a poet. Some of his poems have thought deeply reinforced with imagery, metaphor, and diction effective." He also writes creative writing handbook with the title ''Karya Nan Indah'' (Ameen Publishing, 2007).


Adaptations of his works

A stage adaption of ''Monsopiad dan lain-lain Cerita'' was held from 5 to 7 December 2003 at the
Esplanade An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The historical definition of ''esplanade'' was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide cle ...
in
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
, funded by the National Art Council of Singapore. The play was nominated at the Cameronian Awards Award 2003 for the category of best Malay drama script. ''Karbala'' (2008) published by Aberdeen World. ''2 Jam Sebelum Sultan Alauddin Syahid Diracun'' staged on 25 to 29 August 2008 in the Auditorium Akademi Pengajian Islam UM and characterized by Pentas magazine Volume 3 Number 4 issue of the Palace of Culture as a 'staging the monumental'. On 13–16 August 2009 at Wisma ITNM (Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia), Faisal Tehrani back to lead a religious theater show ''Kopitiam Ghadir''. It featured songs
nasyid A nasheed (Arabic: singular ', plural ', meaning: "chants") is a work of vocal music, partially coincident with hymns, that is either sung '' a cappella'' or with instruments, according to a particular style or tradition within Islam. Nashee ...
group singing 'Peace Culture Revolution'. ''Kopitiam Ghadir'' repeated the play on 1 to 4 July 2010. The drama ''Derik Kerisek'' published by Ameen Serve in 2011. In 2011, members of the
Kuala Lumpur City Hall The Kuala Lumpur City Hall ( ms, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, abbreviated DBKL) is the city council which administers the city of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. This council was established after the city was officially granted city status on 1 Feb ...
Cultural Artists collective staged a play adaptation of his novel ''Nama Beta Sultan Alauddin'' in conjunction with the Kuala Lumpur Festival on the same year. Beginning in 2012, TV2 had released a television adaptation of ''Pelangi Ada Tujuh Warna'', which tells a female entrepreneur trapped in
misyar A ''misyar marriage'' ( ar, زواج المسيار, nikah al-misyar or more often ''zawaj al-misyar'' "traveller's marriage") is a type of marriage contract allowed by some Sunni Muslims. The husband and wife thus joined are able to renounce ...
often practiced by adherents of the
Wahhabi Wahhabism ( ar, ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ, translit=al-Wahhābiyyah) is a Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, ...
ideology. The television directed by Bade and produced by actress Erma Fatima for. It is played by Ahmad Tarmimi Siregar and Lydiawati.


Academic writing

In academia, Faisal known in the three disciplines of
Comparative Literature Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature "performs a role similar to that of the study ...
, Syiahisme, and the field of
Human Rights Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for certain standards of hu ...
. Among his academic writings which had reference is ''The Malaysian Shi'a: A Preliminary Study of Their History, Oppression, and Denied Rights'' (2013), ''Axiology of Pilgrimage: Malaysian Shi'ites Ziyarat in Iran and Iraq'' (2013), ''Javanese Sufism and Prophetic Literature'' (2011), ''Pengantar Hak Asasi Manusia Moden dan Hujah Sangkalan Ia Bertentangan Dengan Islam'' (2015), ''Human Rights Lesson from Selected Malay Proverbs'' (2016) and ''Religious Freedom in Malaysia: The Reading of Qur’an 2:256'' (2016) which is contained in ''The Qur’an in the Malay-Indonesian World'' under series ''Routledge Studies in the Qur’an''. His expertise in academia is assessed by reference to the international standards. There are also a book ''Sinema Spiritual: Dramaturgi dan Kritikan'' (published Unit Buku Harakah) and ''Wacana Sastera Islam di Malaysia dan Indonesia'' (published UPM) was published in 2012.


Translation work

There are two Faisal novels translated into English which, ''1515'', Shahnaz Mohd Said's translation into English. ''1515'' reversed the history of the
Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Port ...
attack on Malacca by giving the success of the Malays through the heroic character of Tun Nyemah Mulia. The 272-page novel was published by the National Translation Institute of Malaysia (now known as the Institute of Translation and Book Malaysia or ITBM) in 2011. Faisal's second novel translated Bedar Sukma Bisu, translated by Dato Zawiyah Baba, former Director of the National Library of Malaysia with the title The Prau with the Silent Soul (2009). The 250-page novel is also published by ITBM. Four of his short stories can also be read in English the ''Perempuan Anggerik'' translated as The Orchid Lady (2000), translation Associate Professor Dr Noraini Md Yusof. It is published in Malay Literature 13 (1): 65–75. Madame short stories translated ''Cikgu Tomok'' by Kadir Ahmad for ''A Teacher for Tomok'' and published in Malay Literature 22 (1): 65–70. ''Cik Siti Mustika'' (2009), translated by National Laureate Professor Dr Muhammad Haji Salleh with the title ''Miss Siti Mustika'' and published in the anthology of short stories ITBM ''Sea of Rainbows''. ''Seorang Muslim, Seorang Lutheran'' origin published by ''Malaysiakini'' dated 27 January 2014. Translation ''A Muslim, A Lutheran'' done by Yana Rizal. Faisal poem entitled The Berlin Wall (2012) translated by Hedy Holzwarth, Holger Warnk, and Volker Wolf is included in Kuala Lumpur - Berlin / Berlin - Kuala Lumpur ITBM issue''.'' The poem, whose translation is called An der Berliner Mauer, warned him to commemorating Chris Gueffroy, the last victim of the Berlin Wall who died on 5 February 1989. 'Bagaimana Anyss Naik ke Langit' translated into English as How Anyss Went to Heaven (2016), and published by DuBook Press. ''1515'' translated into French by Monique Zaini-Lajoubert, published b
Les Indes Savantes
in Paris (2016). In 2019
The Professor
, a novel on human rights was published by Gerak Budaya. It was translated by Brigitte Bresson.


Controversies


Shia

In 2008,
Mufti A Mufti (; ar, مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatwas'' played an important rol ...
of Perlis Dr
Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin Prof. Dato' Arif Perkasa Dr. Mohd Asri bin Zainul Abidin ( Jawi: ; born 1 January 1971), better known as MAZA, is an Islamic scholar, preacher, writer and lecturer from Malaysia. He is currently serving his second term as Mufti of Perlis since ...
whom often associated with Salafiism had written a letter to the chief editor of
Harian Metro ''Harian Metro'' is a Malaysian daily newspaper owned by the New Straits Times Press. It is Malaysia's first Malay daily afternoon tabloid in Klang Valley, in contrast to morning tabloids in other part of Malaysia. The Harian Metro was esta ...
plus its copies to the Department of Islamic Development (JAKIM) and the Home Affairs Ministry alleging Faisal of spreading the teachings of
Shia Islam Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Prophets in Islam ( ar, الأنبياء في الإسلام, translit=al-ʾAnbiyāʾ fī al-ʾIslām) are individuals in Islam who are ...
–a very taboo topic on part of the Malaysian government– through one of the chapters published in the ''Ketupat Cinta'' series; which was further supported by JAKIM's Assistant Director for the Section of Aqidah, Mohd Aizam Mas’od. Apart from Mohd Asri, another Salafi figure who frequently accuses Faisal Tehrani as 'Shi'ite author' including
Fathul Bari Mat Jahya Fathul Bari Mat Jahya is a Muslim lecturer and politician from Malaysia. Statements in the mainstream media Bari criticized Penang's then Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng for inciting that the word 'Allah' can be used by non-Muslims. He also state ...
. Due to the influence of Salafism takes place in Malaysia since the middle of 2000, the allegations of the preachers have affected Faisal Tehrani's authority as a creative author. Faisal however denies such allegations and affirmed that he did not belong to this group, though he had stated his openness to the various schools of thought that have evolved in Islamic tradition; citing precedents like
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas Syed Muhammad al Naquib bin Ali al-Attas ( ar, سيد محمد نقيب العطاس '; born 5 September 1931) is a Malaysian Muslim philosopher. He is one of the few contemporary scholars who is thoroughly rooted in the traditional Islamic sci ...
and
Burhanuddin al-Helmy Dato’ Seri Dr. Burhanuddin bin Muhammad Nur al-Hilmi ( Jawi: برهان الدين بن محمد نور الحلمي; 29 August 1911 – 25 October 1969), commonly known as Burhanuddin al-Helmy, was a Malaysian politician. He was President ...
with their efforts of reconciling syncretic Sunni and Shia traditions as a way of bridging understanding between both groups. Among the denials ever recorded is in his writing in
Malaysiakini ''Malaysiakini'' (meaning in English: "Malaysia Now") is an online news portal published in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil. Malaysiakini receives over 2.3 million page-views per day on desktop and mobile. Alexa ranked ''malaysiakini. ...
. However, Faisal's idea has not been accepted, and Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani, a lecturer at the School of International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, said Faisal was one of the victims of the trend of the agenda of Islamic authorities to maintain its popularity. In 2011, Faisal Tehrani produced a novel titled ''Sebongkah Batu in Kuala Berang'' with PTS Litera. On 5–6 October 2011, at the 79th Islamic Content Publishing Materials Committee Meeting Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) meeting, the novel Sebongkah Batu was banned. No solid reason was given by the agency as a pretext for a ban. ''Sebongkah Batu in Kuala Berang'' however continues to be sold in the open market as JAKIM has no absolute power to prohibit books. In 2012, her work titled ''Perempuan Nan Bercinta'' published with the Malaysian Institute of Books (ITBM) once again raised furore. On 3 December 2013, Faisal Tehrani received a letter from the Publishing and Text Control Division of the Quran, the Home Ministry announced five of his works were banned by JAKIM. The works are ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang, Perempuan Nan Bercinta,'' drama ''Karbala'', kumpulan puisi ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' dan kumpulan cerpen ''Tiga Kali Seminggu.'' In an interview with
Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...
Faisal explains that the novel's claim was banned by Shiite elements, ''"In this book, Ali Taqi questioned whether the possibility of a school of thought in Islam could be utilized to resolve the problem and the clutter of the Islamic version faced by the Sunni school of thought, which is merely a discourse, an academic discourse, so the Professor asked, Sunni and Shia are jointly put together to help resolve disputes, conflicts and crises? It is a complex novel There are various thought ideas in it".''


Human Rights in Literature

In 2008, Professor Dr. Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf from International Islamic University called Faisal as a bold author and never failed to voice the truth to the authorities compared to other authors in Malay literature that often chose a safe path. It is mentioned in his paper '''Human Rights and National Literature: A Comparative Study of the Experiences in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines published in Asiatic 2 (2): 74–84. According to
Uthaya Sankar SB Uthaya Sankar SB (born Taiping, Perak) is a Malaysian writer who writes in Bahasa Malaysia. Early life and education Uthaya Sankar SB grew up in Lorong B, Aulong Lama village in Taiping, Perak, where the majority of people along the lane were ...
, the fact that authors in Malaysia are afraid of the authorities to curb them to produce literary works capable of receiving the attention of the Nobel Prize, is not seen in the work of Faisal Tehrani. Nowadays after various of controversies, Faisal is considered as the founder of the human rights movement in Malay literature. Among his works, which are evidently human rights include ''Homosektual'' short stories published in Mingguan Malaysia on 24 June 2012 and a short story translated by Yana Rizal for the Dialog Project site entitled ''A Muslim, A Lutheran'' published on 19 October 2015. In the year 2015, Faisal produced a children's book entitled '''Advencer Yaya and Fufu. Book 1: Jangan Cakap Begitu . The Dubook Press publication briefly introduces Articles 1 and 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 with the target audience under the age of five.


Reprimand from the United Nations

In May 2014, the United Nations Human Rights Organization in a formal communication ''‘Communications report of Special Procedures: Communication Sent 1 March to 31 May 2014 Replies Received 1 May to 31 July 2014 Case Number MYS 4/2014’ A/HRC/27/72, 2014 has sent a letter to the Malaysian government asking for clarification of why the novel ''Perempuan Nan Bercinta'' is prohibited, and stated that it is a violation of human rights. '''' In relation to that, the four United Nations Special Rapporteur has reprimanded the Malaysian government in a special communications '''AL Cultural rights (2009) G/SO 214 (67-17) Assembly & Association (2010-1) G/SO 214 (56-23) MYS 4/2014''' on 27 May 2014. They mentioned two novels: '''Perempuan Nan Bercinta and '''Sebongkah Batu Berang '.'' The Special Rapporteur considers the banning of these books is an act of intimidating and humiliating Faisal Tehrani, a human rights activist, as well as academicians studying in the field. The Special Rapporteur is; ''Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights; the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of'' ''opinion and expression; the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association;'' and ''the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief''. In the letter it is also possible for some other books to be prohibited.it. The Malaysian government ignored this reprimand, and even proceed with the banning of four Faisal Tehrani books effective 1 April 2015. 5. Faisal Tehrani then challenged the banning of the four books on 29 June 2015 and requested a court review of the four books; ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang'', ''Perempuan Nan Bercinta'', ''Karbala'' drama, collection of Poetry, ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' and a collection of short story of ''Tiga Kali Seminggugugu.''


Liberal Islam

In addition to Shiite allegations, Faisal is also often mocked by a liberal title. Liberal Islam claims in Malaysia are often viewed negatively. Some of the accusations are Khalid Muammar A Harris who accuses Faisal of insulting Islamic institutions in this country and religious institutions. Faisal stressed that liberal lifestyles are not a negative, even claimed by the
Rukun Negara The ''Rukun Negara'' (also spelled ''Rukunegara''; Malay for "National Principles") is the Malaysian declaration of national philosophy instituted by royal proclamation on Merdeka Day, 1970, in reaction to a serious race riot known as the 13 ...
, namely the national ideology of Malaysia; ''"The head of the Rukun Negara is often left behind by many people, so many are left behind or overlooked that Malaysia wants to" a liberal way of rich cultural tradition".'' Faisal also believes that the influence of '
Literal Islam Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a puritanical, revivalist, and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam. Islamic fundamentalists are of the view that Muslim-majority countries should return ...
' or Salafism has make it complicated for the atmosphere of plurality and multiracial in Malaysia. According to him, the situation in Malaysia is now rampant with teo-fascism and the hope to see Malaysia as a moderate Muslim country is straying away.


Death Threats

Since falling prey to Shia charges and the liberal Islamic agnets, Mohd Faizal Musa often gets death threats. He has also faced several death threats made against him, in which he documents them on his Twitter account.


Further Development

Following the ban on Women Nan Bercinta, Faisal Tehrani seems to be submerged from the mainstream of Malaysian literature. However, his writings and excerpts can still be traced through his column at Malaysiakini BM which often accepts warm comments from readers. In 2014, after publishing How Anyss Going Up to Heaven (''Bagaimana Anyss Naik Ke Langit)'' with the DuBook Press, Faisal republished his short stories in two previous underground short stories with Thukul Cetak publishers. The short story is titled ''Cerpen2 Underground'' (2015) with the addition of about 20 miniature short stories. Faisal made a move to publish his first essay book entitled ''Aku______, Maka Aku Ada!''  (DuBook Press 2015). The book's cover presented him and his late Master
Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat Nik Abdul Aziz bin Nik Mat ( Jawi: ; 10 January 1931 – 12 February 2015) was a Malaysian politician and Muslim cleric. He was the Menteri Besar of Kelantan from 1990 to 2013 and the ''Mursyidul Am'' or Spiritual Leader of the Pan-Malaysian ...
, and on his back cover written; ''‘Usah ajari aku bagaimana menjadi Muslim. Engkau tidak semua tahu. Dan aku tidak selalu jahil’. (''Do not teach me how to become a Muslim. You all do not know. And I'm not always ignorant) On 6 May 2015, Faisal Tehrani was shocked when the Home Ministry decided to ban his four books ''Karbala''(2008), ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' (2010), ''Tiga Kali Seminggu'' (2010) and ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang'' (2011). The ban comes into effect on 1 April 2015. ''Karbala'', which was banned by the government, was the subject of study by Professor Dr Edwin Wierenga of the
University of Cologne The University of Cologne (german: Universität zu Köln) is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was established in the year 1388 and is one of the most prestigious and research intensive universities in Germany. It was the sixth university to ...
, Germany in his paper '''A Ta'ziya from 21st-century Malaysia: Faisal Tehrani's Passion Play Karbala. It is included in the academic book titled 'Shi'ism in South East Asia' by Chiara Formichi's edits. This book is the publication of C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd and goes on sale in the open market beginning 21 May 2015. 'Karbala' was once created in the Literature Hall from Vol. 36, No. 12 (2006). The Karbala Drama is serialized between December 2006 and July 2007. Despite his pressure on Faisal, he published his second poem; The Mek Bah Bahia chapter published by Print (2015) and a children's book entitled ''‘Advencer Yaya dan Fufu.'' ''Buku 1: Jangan Cakap Begitu’.'' This book briefly introduces Articles 1 and 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 with the target audience below the age of five. Mohd Faizal also produced a film in 2015 titled Leukerbad, which captures the travel of human rights activists in
Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...
, Switzerland. On 10 January 2018, the Court of Appeal quashed a Home's Ministry order banning four books authored by Faisal. A three-man panel comprising
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat Tengku Maimun binti Tuan Mat ( ms, تڠكو ميمون توان مت, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; born 2 July 1959) is a Malaysian lawyer who has served as the 10th Chief Justice of Malaysia since May 2019. She is the first woman t ...
, Ahmadi Asnawi and Zaleha Yusof found that the order issued on 12 Feb 2015, was not in accordance with Section 7 (1) of the
Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 ( ms, Akta Mesin Cetak dan Penerbitan 1984) is a Malaysian statute governing the usage of printing presses and the printing, importation, production, reproduction, publishing and distribution of publ ...
. Justice Zaleha, said that the order of banning the books was a restriction of Faisal's fundamental right of freedom of speech. Justice Zaleha also added, the books – ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang'' (published by PTS Litera Utama Sdn Bhd); ''Karbala'' (published by Aberdeen Books World), ''Tiga Kali Seminggu'' and ''Ingin Jadi Nasrallah'' (both published by Al-Ameen Serve Holdings Sdn Bhd) – were not a threat to national security and public order. The panels stated that they had read the books, and nothing comes to their attention and they could not apprehend how the four books could create public disorder or be a threat to the society. On 27 June 2018, Faisal was called up by Putrajaya's Council of Eminent Persons to present his input on the way forward for Islamic bodies in Malaysia. Faisal was among scholars and activists called by the council to get feedback on the reform of Islamic institutions. Faisal suggested to the council that the advisers for religious agencies should also be academics such as anthropologists and sociologists. Faisal proposed that the government set up an advisory council comprising experts in religious and non-religious sciences to advise Islamic agencies in the country. During and interview with
Free Malaysia Today Free Malaysia Today (FMT) is an independent, bilingual news online portal with content, in both English and Bahasa Malaysia (Malay), with a focus on Malaysian current affairs, published since 2009.
(FMT), on 19 July 2018, Faisal Tehrani warns of likely conservative backlash as the
Pakatan Harapan The Alliance of Hope ( ms, Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH; stylized as HARAPAN) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been the ...
triumph on the Malaysian 14th General Election, and the fall of
Barisan Nasional The National Front ( ms, Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties. It is also the third largest political coalition with 30 se ...
government. Faisal Tehrani stated that 'he feels the fresh air of change' after the week Pakatan Harapan took over the administration. Faisal is optimistic about the serious changes that the 'new government' are bringing.


Bibliography

* ''1515'' (2002) * ''1511H Kombat'' * ''Perempuan Politikus Melayu'' (2000) * ''Detektif Indigo'' (2004) * ''Advencer Si Peniup Ney'' * ''Bedar Sukma Bisu'' (2007) ''/ The Prau with the Silent Soul'' (2009) * ''Cinta Hari-Hari Rusuhan'' * ''Ikan, Fugu, Lukisan dan Jimson'' (2007) * ''Maaf Dari Sorga'' * ''Rahsia Ummi'' (2003) * ''Surat-Surat Perempuan Johor'' (2005) * ''Tunggu Teduh Dulu'' * ''Bila Tuhan Berbicara'' * ''Tuhan Manusia'' (2007) * ''Nama Beta Sultan Alauddin'' (2007) * ''Manikam Kalbu'' (2007) * ''Karya Nan Indah'' * ''Karbala'' (2008)''#'' * ''Perempuan Nan Bercinta#'' (2012) * ''Detektif Indigo Kembali'' (2008) * ''Saasatul Ibaad'' (2008) * ''Sebongkah Batu di Kuala Berang''# (2011) #: banned by Home Ministry of Malaysia under claims of promoting Shia Islam—a highly volatile issue by the Malaysian Government—which are detrimental to public order and safety of Sunni Muslims in Malaysia.


References

{{Authority control Malaysian writers Living people 1974 births People from Malacca Malaysian novelists Malaysian poets Malaysian people of Malay descent Malaysian Muslims University of Malaya alumni National University of Malaysia alumni Malay-language poets