''Fadogia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
. The genera ''
Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a
strongly supported clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
but neither of these genera is
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
.
Distribution
''Fadogia'' is found in
Tropical Africa
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...
. ''
F. cienkowskii'' and ''
F. tetraquetra'' have the largest distribution and occur from
Guinea
Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sier ...
to the
Transvaal province
The Province of Transvaal (), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (; ), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" refers to the province's ...
. ''
F. ancylantha'' and ''
F. erythrophloea'' are also found in many African countries, but they don't occur so far south. The countries with the highest number of species are
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...
,
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t ...
,
Zambia
Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa or Southern Africa. It is bor ...
,
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...
, and
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central ...
.
Bacterial leaf symbiosis
Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf
mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as ''
Burkholderia'', which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species.
The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.
Gousiekte
''
Fadogia homblei'' is known to cause
gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants.
Species
* ''
Fadogia ancylantha''
Schweinf.
* ''
Fadogia andersonii''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia arenicola''
K.Schum. & K.Krause
* ''
Fadogia audruana''
M.Fay, J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
* ''
Fadogia butayei''
De Wild.
* ''
Fadogia caespitosa''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia chlorantha''
K.Schum.
* ''
Fadogia chrysantha''
K.Schum.
* ''
Fadogia cienkowskii''
Schweinf.
* ''
Fadogia elskensii''
De Wild.
* ''
Fadogia erythrophloea''
(K.Schum. & K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel
* ''
Fadogia fragrans''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia fuchsioides''
Schweinf. ex Oliv.
* ''
Fadogia glaberrima''
Welw. ex Hiern
* ''
Fadogia gossweileri''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia graminea''
Wernham
* ''
Fadogia homblei''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia lactiflora''
Welw. ex Hiern
* ''
Fadogia latifolia''
A.Chev. ex Robyns
* ''
Fadogia leucophloea''
Schweinf. ex Hiern
* ''
Fadogia luangwae''
Verdc.
* ''
Fadogia oblongolanceolata''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia obscura''
A.Chev. ex Robyns
* ''
Fadogia olivacea''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia parvifolia''
Verdc.
* ''
Fadogia pobeguinii''
Pobég.
* ''
Fadogia punctulata''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia rostrata''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia salictaria''
S.Moore
* ''
Fadogia schmitzii''
Verdc.
* ''
Fadogia spectabilis''
Milne-Redh.
* ''
Fadogia stenophylla''
Welw. ex Hiern
* ''
Fadogia tetraquetra''
K.Schum. & K.Krause
* ''
Fadogia tomentosa''
De Wild.
* ''
Fadogia triphylla''
Baker
* ''
Fadogia variifolia''
Robyns
* ''
Fadogia verdcourtii''
Tennant
* ''
Fadogia verdickii''
De Wild. & T.Durand
* ''
Fadogia vollesenii''
Verdc.
References
External links
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae genera
{{Ixoroideae-stub