Follistatin-related protein 1 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respon ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''FSTL1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Structure
This gene encodes a protein with similarity to
follistatin
Follistatin also known as activin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FST'' gene. Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.
Its primary function is the binding ...
, an
BMP-4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by ''BMP4'' gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 14q22-q23.
BMP4 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfam ...
-binding protein.
It binds to BMP-4 and TGF-β1, but not Activin A.
It contains an FS module (a follistatin-like sequence containing 10 conserved cysteine residues), a
Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor domain, 2
EF hand
The EF hand is a helix–loop–helix structural domain or ''motif'' found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins.
The EF-hand motif contains a helix–loop–helix topology, much like the spread thumb and forefinger of the human hand, in ...
domains, and a
Von Willebrand factor type C domain
Von Willebrand factor, type C (VWFC or VWC)is a protein domain is found in various blood plasma proteins: complement factors B, C2, CR3 and CR4; the integrins (I-domains); collagen types VI, VII, XII and XIV; and other extracellular proteins.
Fu ...
.
Clinical significance
Development
FSTL1 has a role in development,
such as lung development,
Arthritis
This gene product is thought to be an autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects synovial joint, joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and ...
.
Cardiovascular diseases
FSTL1 protein seems to have a cardioprotective role. FSTL1 attenuated hypertrophy following pressure overload and prevented myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse or pig model of ischemia/reperfusion. Muscle-derived Fstl1 modulates vascular remodelling in response to injury.
FSTL1 has been shown to have a pronounced ability as a possible therapeutic to stimulate regeneration following myocardial infarction. Treating experimental animals (mouse and pig) with FSTL1 after myocardial infarction progressively restored heart function, at least in part by stimulating replication of normally non-dividing heart muscle cells
References
Further reading
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External links
* {{PDBe-KB2, Q62356, Mouse Follistatin-related protein 1
EF-hand-containing proteins