''Exostoma'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species. Taxonomy The family Sisoridae is recog ...

es native to Asia. These species are distributed in the

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Southwestern China, Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It is known as Brahmaputra or Luit in Assamese, Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali, and ...

drainage of north-eastern India, and east and south to the

Salween The Salween is a Southeast Asian river, about long, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau south into the Andaman Sea. The Salween flows primarily within southwest China and eastern Myanmar, with a short section forming the border of Myanmar and Tha ...

drainages in Burma. ''E. berdmorei'' is found in the Sittang and Salween drainages in Burma. ''E. labiatum'' is known from the Brahmaputra drainage in north-eastern India, but has also been recorded in the Salween drainage in Burma, the Ayeyarwady drainage in China, and the Brahmaputra drainage in

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

and Burma. ''E. stuarti'' is from the Ayeyarwady River of Burma and India; however, it has not been collected since its original discovery. ''E. labiatum'' is found in mountain rapids. In a 2007 checklist of sisorid and erethistid catfishes, Thomson lists ''E. stuarti'' and ''E. vinciguerrae'' as valid species. In a 2007 checklist of catfishes, Ferraris lists these two species as species inquerendae, noting that these species are either treated as valid or as

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

s of ''E. labiatum''.

Species

The following species are currently recognized in the genus ''Exostoma'': * '' Exostoma barakense'' Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2007 * '' Exostoma berdmorei'' Blyth, 1860 * '' Exostoma effrenum'' H. H. Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014Ng, H.H. & Vidthayanon, C. (2014): A review of the glyptosternine catfish genus ''Exostoma'' Blyth 1860 from Thailand, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Siluriformes). ''Zootaxa, 3869 (4): 420–434.'' * '' Exostoma gaoligongense'' Chen, Poly, Catania & Jiang, 2017 (Gaoligong mountain catfish) * '' Exostoma labiatum'' (

McClelland McClelland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alyssa McClelland, Australian actress * Anthony McClelland, biological father of Lebron James * Charles A. McClelland (1917–2006), American political systems analyst * Charles ...

, 1842) (Burmese Bat Catfish) * '' Exostoma laticaudata'' Arunkumar, 2020Arunkumar L. ''Exostoma laticaudata'', a new glyptosternine catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Manipur, Northeastern India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 293-305 * '' Exostoma peregrinator'' H. H. Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014 * '' Exostoma sawmteai'' Lalramliana, Lalronunga,

Lalnuntluanga Lalnuntluanga (born 26 July 1986) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 19 September 2018, for Mizoram in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy The 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 26th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an ...

& H. H. Ng, 2015Lalramliana, Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Ng, H.H. (2015): ''Exostoma sawmteai'', a new sisorid catfish from northeast India (Teleostei: Sisoridae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (1): 59-64.'' * '' Exostoma stuarti'' (

Hora Hora may refer to: Companies * Hora (company), a Romanian manufacturer of stringed musical instruments People, real & mythological * Hora (pl. Horae), figure from Greek mythology * Hora (surname) * Hora, a member of the Japanese duo Schwarz St ...

, 1923) * '' Exostoma tenuicaudata'' Tamang,

Sinha Sinha is a surname which originates in the Indian subcontinent. The surname is commonly used by many communities including the Bengali Kayastha and the Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas of the Hindi Belt, and is common in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangla ...

& Gurumayum, 2015Tamang, L., Sinha, B. & Gurumayum, S.D. (2015): ''Exostoma tenuicaudata'', a new species of glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the upper Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. ''Zootaxa, 4048 (3): 441–445.'' * '' Exostoma vinciguerrae'' Regan, 1905

Description

''Exostoma'' is distinguished by having a continuous groove behind the lips (post-labial groove), the

gill A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...

openings not extending onto the underside (venter),

homodont In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning 'different teeth') is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology. Human dentition is heterodont and diphyodont as an example. In vertebrates, heterodont pertains to animals where ...

dentition of oar-shaped, distally flattened teeth in both jaws, the tooth patches separated in upper jaw, and 10–11 branched pectoral rays. The head is depressed with a broadly rounded snout. The body is elongate and flattened ventrally to the

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral (belly) surface of fish, and are the lower of the only two sets of paired fins (the other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hi ...

s. The eyes are minute, dorsally located, and under the skin (subcutaneous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and

papilla Papilla (Latin, 'nipple') or papillae may refer to: In animals * Papilla (fish anatomy), in the mouth of fish * Papilla (worms), small bumps on the surface of certain worms * Basilar papilla, a sensory organ of lizards, amphibians and fish * ...

ted. The teeth are small to large, moveable, oar-shaped, flattened distally and directed posteriorly in distinct patches. ''E. stuarti'' is recorded to grow to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) SL. ''E. berdmorei'' and ''E. labiatum'' grow to about 10–11 cm (3.94–4.33 in) TL.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5420691 Sisoridae Fish of South Asia Fish of Myanmar Fish of China Fish of India Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera Taxa named by Edward Blyth