''Exophiala'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

anamorphic Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio. It also refers to the projection format in which a distorted ...

fungi A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...

in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung' or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a disease that can be contracted by

woodwind instrument Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and ...

alists (saxophonists, clarinettists, oboists, etc.). A case study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology highlighted that it is possible to develop this allergic pulmonary disease through improper cleaning of instruments. ''

Exophiala werneckii ''Hortaea werneckii'' is a species of yeast in the family Teratosphaeriaceae. It is a black yeast that is investigated for its remarkable halotolerance. While the addition of salt to the medium is not required for its cultivation, ''H. werneck ...

'' is the organism responsible for

tinea nigra Tinea nigra, also known as superficial phaeohyphomycosis and Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris, is a superficial fungal infection, a type of phaeohyphomycosis rather than a tinea, that causes usually a single 1–5 cm dark brown-black, non- ...

. Some sources equate ''Hortaea werneckii'', ''Cladosporium werneckii'', ''Exophiala werneckii'', and ''Phaeoannellomyces werneckii''. '' Exophiala jeanselmei'' causes maduromycosis. This is usually an asymptomatic disease which presents with black or brown macular lesions which enlarge by peripheral extension. The lesion is darkest at the periphery and has very distinct margins. Lab diagnosis- using a KOH mount. Typically seen is brown septate branching hyphae or dark brown budding cells. Treatment is topical antifungal:

miconazole Miconazole, sold under the brand name Monistat among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat ring worm, pityriasis versicolor, and yeast infections of the skin or vagina. It is used for ring worm of the body, groin (jock itch), and ...

or econazole.

Species

*'' Exophiala alcalophila'' *'' Exophiala angulospora'' *''

Exophiala attenuata ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *''

Exophiala calicioides ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *'' Exophiala castellanii'' *'' Exophiala dermatitidis'' *''

Exophiala dopicola ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *'' Exophiala exophialae'' *'' Exophiala heteromorpha'' *'' Exophiala hongkongensis'' *'' Exophiala jeanselmei'' *'' Exophiala lecanii-corni'' *'' Exophiala mansonii'' *'' Exophiala mesophila'' *'' Exophiala moniliae'' *'' Exophiala negronii'' *''

Exophiala phaeomuriformis ''Exophiala phaeomuriformis'' is thermophilic fungus belonging to the genus ''Exophiala'' and the family Herpotrichiellaceae. it is a member of the group of fungi known as black yeasts, and is typically found in hot and humid locations, such as s ...

'' *''

Exophiala pisciphila ''Exophiala pisciphila'' is a mesophilic black yeast and member of the dark septate endophytes. This saprotrophic fungus is found commonly in marine and soil environments. It is abundant in harsh environments like soil contaminated with heavy met ...

'' *''

Exophiala psychrophila ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *'' Exophiala salmonis'' *''

Exophiala spinifera ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *''

References

Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Eurotiomycetes genera Taxa described in 1966 Eurotiomycetes {{plant-disease-stub