The execution of Joe Nathan James Jr. (July 25, 1972 – July 28, 2022) took place in the U.S. state of

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

by means of

lethal injection Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium) for the express purpose of causing death. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but t ...

. James was

sentenced to death Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in s ...

for the 1994 murder of his ex-girlfriend, 26-year-old Faith Hall. His execution generated significant media attention and controversy due to a plea by the victim's family to spare his life and allegations that his execution would be botched.

Background

Early life

Joe Nathan James Jr. was born on July 25, 1972. James was in a relationship with a woman, Faith Hall, a few years before the murder, their relationship would have lasted a year and a half or two according to Faith's brother. Prosecutors say that James became obsessed after Faith rejected him, stalking and harassing her for months before killing her. Court records show in the year prior to Faith's death, there were three harassment and one burglary police reports filed by Faith and her grandmother against James. The reports detailed James making threats to kill Faith, entering their home and damaging items, banging on windows, constant calling, and sitting in the home's driveway.

Murder

On August 15, 1994, Faith went shopping with a friend and returned to the friend's apartment before they realized James was following them. Faith, her friend, and her friend's children, climbed inside and tried to barricade the door. After James burst in, Faith initially tried to calm him down and steer the incident away from the children; however, he shot at her three times as she ran away. He then fired again after Faith had already collapsed.

Trial, final appeals and execution

Trial

A Jefferson county jury convicted James of

capital murder Capital murder refers to a category of murder in some parts of the US for which the perpetrator is eligible for the death penalty. In its original sense, capital murder was a statutory offence of aggravated murder in Great Britain, Northern Irela ...

in 1996 and voted to recommend the death penalty, which a judge imposed. The conviction was overturned when the Alabama court of criminal appeals ruled that a judge wrongly admitted some police reports into evidence. James was retried and again sentenced to death in 1999, when jurors rejected defense claims that he was under emotional duress at the time of the shooting. He converted to

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

while on death row.

Final appeals

In June and early July 2022, James filed several lawsuits in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Alabama against the

state attorney general The state attorney general in each of the 50 U.S. states, of the District of Columbia, federal district, or of any of the Territories of the United States, territories is the chief legal advisor to the State governments of the United States, sta ...

and numerous justice system officials. U.S. District Judge Terry F. Moorer considered issuing motions for a preliminary injunction in three of James' lawsuits. In his lawsuit, James claimed he was not given the opportunity to elect execution by

nitrogen hypoxia Inert gas asphyxiation is a form of asphyxiation which results from breathing a physiologically inert gas in the absence of oxygen, or a low amount of oxygen (hypoxia), rather than atmospheric air (which is composed largely of nitrogen and oxygen ...

, an untested method of execution. James, allegedly unaware that he could delay his execution by electing nitrogen hypoxia, said the treatment violated his right to equal protection under the 14th Amendment. However, a delay was denied. James' defense was also based on the fact that Faith's family opposed the execution. It was reported that Faith's daughters, Toni Hall Melton and Terryln Hall, who were respectively 3 and 6 years old at the time of the murder, and her brother, Helvetius Hall, were interviewed by the media about the case. They said they had forgiven James, and asked that his death sentence be commuted to life without the possibility of parole.

Execution

The execution of James took place on July 28, 2022. He was scheduled to be executed at 6 p.m. but was not pronounced dead until 9:27 p.m making it possibly the longest execution in US history. Hall's daughters had planned to attend the execution, hear James' final words hoping for an apology, and then leave. However, ADOC officials told the Hall family that it would be impossible for them to leave, because of prison protocols. James did not open his eyes or show any deliberate movements at any point during the procedure, according to reporting from the Associated Press. He did not speak when asked if he had any final words. Witnesses of the execution cannot confirm that James was conscious at the time of his execution. According to the Alabama Corrections Commissioner, John Hamm, James was not sedated. It was also reported that a female journalist who was witnessing the execution had been told that her skirt was too short for her to enter the witness room during the execution procedure.

Aftermath

Reaction

Hall's family did not attend the execution, but they did release a statement:

We hoped the state wouldn't take a life simply because a life was taken and we have forgiven Mr. Joe Nathan James Jr. for his atrocities toward our family.

The attorney General, Steve Marshall, stated that justice had been served. The

governor of Alabama A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' ma ...

Kay Ivey Kay Ellen Ivey ( ; born October 15, 1944) is an American politician who is the 54th governor of Alabama, serving since 2017. A Republican since 2002, Ivey was the 38th Alabama state treasurer from 2003 to 2011 and the 30th lieutenant governor o ...

, stated that "an unmistakable message was sent that Alabama stands with victims of domestic violence." The sister of James, Yvette Craig, called for an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the execution warrant.

Autopsy

A private autopsy revealed puncture wounds and bruising around James' knuckles and wrists, which doctors say suggests members of the execution team had tried unsuccessfully to insert IV lines in those places. The autopsy also documented puncture wounds in James' musculature.

Moratorium

Following the execution of James, but also the failed execution attempts of Alan Eugene Miller and Kenneth Eugene Smith, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey called for a temporary halt to executions in the state. The moratorium ended and executions resumed on July 21, 2023, nearly a year after James's execution.

References

! colspan="3" , Executions carried out in Alabama , - ! colspan="3" , Executions carried out in the United States {{DEFAULTSORT:James, Joe Nathan Jr. July 2022 in the United States 21st-century executions by Alabama 21st-century executions of American people People executed by Alabama by lethal injection People convicted of murder by Alabama 2022 in American law 2022 in Alabama American people executed for murder 2022 controversies in the United States 2022 deaths Deaths by person in Alabama Executed people from Alabama 20th-century African-American people Executed African-American people 21st-century African-American people 1972 births