Exbury House
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Exbury House is an English country house in Exbury and Lepe, Hampshire, situated on the edge of the
New Forest The New Forest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in Southern England, covering southwest Hampshire and southeast Wiltshire. It was proclaimed a royal forest by William the Conqueror, featu ...
. It is a
Grade II* listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...
with associated
Grade II* listed In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, H ...
parkland and gardens. The house consists of an 18th-century core which was redesigned and refaced in 1927. Constructed of brick and ashlar with a slate roof, it has a rectangular floor plan (with one corner sliced off), three storeys and a parapet around the roof. The long side garden frontage has nine bays and a
colonnade In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curv ...
d entrance. The main entrance front on the sliced-off corner has five bays. The gardens (see Exbury Gardens) were laid out by Lionel de Rothschild between 1919 and 1939 and contain specialist collections of rhododendrons and other species. Whilst the gardens are open to the public, the house is not.


History

Exbury Manor dates from the 13th century. It belonged to the
Berkeley family The Berkeley family is an English family. It is one of five families in Britain that can trace its patrilineal descent back to an Anglo-Saxon ancestor (the other four being the Arden family, the Swinton family, the Wentworth family, and the ...
in the 15th century and the Compton family of
Compton Wynyates Compton Wynyates is a Tudor architecture, Tudor English country house, country house in Warwickshire, England, a Grade I listed building. The Tudor period house is constructed of red brick and built around a central courtyard. It is castellate ...
in Warwickshire in the 16th. In 1708 it passed to William Mitford and thence down to his grandson, the historian
William Mitford William Mitford (10 February 1744 – 10 February 1827) was an English historian, landowner, and politician. His best known work is ''The History of Greece'', published in ten volumes between 1784 and 1810. Early years William Mitford was bor ...
(1744–1827). On the latter's death it passed directly to his grandson Henry Reveley Mitford (1804–1883), whose father had been drowned at sea in 1803 after his ship hit Bell Rock. It was sold to Major John Forster in the early 1880s, but after his death in 1886, it was let to
Bertram Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale (24 February 1837 – 17 August 1916), was a British diplomat, collector and writer, whose most notable work is ''Tales of Old Japan'' (1871). Nicknamed "Bertie", he was the paternal grandf ...
, and his wife, Lady Clementine (''née'' Ogilvy) in the 1880s. Major Forster also let the house to George Stucley for a number of years. Financier
Lionel de Rothschild Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (22 November 1808 – 3 June 1879) was a British Jewish banker, politician and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England. He became the first practising Jew to sit a ...
in 1919. Rothschild remodelled and upgraded the house, developed the gardens and extended the village of Exbury. He died in 1942 and the house was requisitioned by the Royal Navy as a headquarters to prepare for
Operation Neptune Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...
. The house was designated as HMS ''Mastodon'' from May 1942 to July 1945, HMS ''King Alfred'' January to June 1946, then HMS ''Hawke'' from August 1946 to 1955. The house was finally returned to the Rothschild family in 1955 and Rothschild's son Edmund was able to renew the plant breeding program. The house itself was not reoccupied as a private residence until 1989. The gardens have been open to the public since 1950, run since 1988 by Exbury Gardens Ltd on a long lease from the Rothschild family. Janet Prentice, the heroine of
Nevil Shute Nevil Shute Norway (17 January 189912 January 1960) was an English novelist and aeronautical engineer who spent his later years in Australia. He used his full name in his engineering career and Nevil Shute as his pen name to protect his enginee ...
's novel ''
Requiem for a Wren ''Requiem For A Wren'' is a novel by Nevil Shute. It was first published in 1955 by William Heinemann Ltd. It was published in the United States under the title ''The Breaking Wave''. Plot summary The late 1940s story concerns two English women ...
'', finds herself, as a
Wren Wrens are a family, Troglodytidae, of small brown passerine birds. The family includes 96 species and is divided into 19 genera. All species are restricted to the New World except for the Eurasian wren that is widely distributed in the Old Worl ...
specialist in
landing craft Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. ...
guns, assigned to HMS ''Mastodon'' in 1943. In the novel, Shute identifies ''Mastodon'' as Exbury, and describes the wonder of Prentice and a fellow Wren when they first arrive at the grand river-front house and explore its gardens. Among other things, they find underground irrigation systems, carefully labelled plants, and "... a rock garden half as large as Trafalgar Square that was a mass of bloom ..." All of this, says Shute, was tended by a gardening staff that "... had been reduced from fifty to a mere eighteen old men."


References

{{reflist Grade II* listed buildings in Hampshire Country houses in Hampshire Rothschild family residences