''Euxoa'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
moth
Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...
s of the family
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family (biology), family of moths. Taxonomically, they are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly ...
erected by the German
entomologist
Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
,
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology.
Scientific career
Hübner was the author of '' ...
.
The genus is mostly confined to dry and semi dry areas in the northern hemisphere. There 130 species in
Eurasia
Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...
, a few in
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
, and 175 in
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
. There are no species in the genus in South-East Asia or in Australia. In North America, most species are found in western regions. Of the North American species, four are endemic to
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
. There is one species recorded from Chile, but this may be a mislabeled specimen.
In real terms, species numbers do not equal
species abundance
In ecology, local abundance is the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem. It is usually measured as the number of individuals found per sample. The ratio of abundance of one species to one or multiple other species livin ...
. Some areas with few species have large numbers of the ones that do live there.
In North America there are seven subgenera; ''Chorizagrotis'', ''Palaeoeuxoa'', ''Heteroeuxoa'', ''Longivesica'', ''Pleuonectopoda'', ''Orstagrotis'', and ''Euxoa''.
The larvae of this genus are
cutworms
Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under litter or soil during the day, coming out in the dark to feed on plants. A larva typically attacks the first part of the plant it encounters, namely the stem, often of a seedling, and consequently cuts it ...
, living in the soil but feeding on the surface. A few species also climb. Most larval ''Euxoa'' hatch from eggs laid in autumn, and most go though a summer diapause, before pupating when the temperature drops later in the summer.
[Lafontaine, J. D., 1987. Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. B., et al.,
The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 27.2 p.16]
The genus includes the prolific miller moths, which are full adult army cutworms labeled as the species ''Euxoa auxiliaris'' and common in North America.
Species
* ''
Euxoa aberrans''
McDunnough, 1932
* ''
Euxoa absona''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa acuminifera''
(Eversmann, 1854)
* ''
Euxoa adumbrata''
(Eversmann, 1842)
* ''
Euxoa aequalis''
(Harvey, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa agema''
(Strecker, 1899)
* ''
Euxoa albipennis''
(Grote, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa altens''
McDunnough, 1946
* ''
Euxoa anarmodia''
(Staudinger, 1897)
* ''
Euxoa annulipes''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa antica''
Lafontaine, 1974
* ''
Euxoa apopsis''
Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2010
* ''
Euxoa aquilina''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
* ''
Euxoa atomaris''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa atristrigata''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa aurantiaca''
Lafontaine, 1974
* ''
Euxoa auripennis''
Lafontaine, 1974
* ''
Euxoa aurulenta''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa austrina''
Hardwick, 1968
* ''
Euxoa auxiliaris''
(Grote, 1873) – army cutworm
* ''
Euxoa baja''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa basalis''
(Grote, 1879)
* ''
Euxoa basigramma''
(Staudinger, 1870)
* ''
Euxoa beatissima''
(Rebel, 1917)
* ''
Euxoa bicollaris''
(Grote, 1878)
* ''
Euxoa bifasciata''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa biformata''
Smith, 1910
* ''
Euxoa birivia''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
* ''
Euxoa bochus''
(Morrison, 1874)
* ''
Euxoa bogdanovi''
(Erschoff, 1873)
* ''
Euxoa bostoniensis''
(Grote, 1874)
* ''
Euxoa brevipennis''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa brunneigera''
(Grote, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa camalpa''
(Dyar, 1912)
* ''
Euxoa campestris''
(Grote, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa cana''
Lafontaine, 1974
* ''
Euxoa canariensis''
Rebel, 1902
* ''
Euxoa cashmirensis''
Hampson 1903
* ''
Euxoa castanea''
Lafontaine, 1981
* ''
Euxoa catenula''
(Grote, 1879)
* ''
Euxoa centralis''
(Staudinger, 1899)
* ''
Euxoa chimoensis''
Hardwick, 1966
* ''
Euxoa choris''
(Harvey, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa christophi''
(Staudinger, 1870)
* ''
Euxoa churchillensis''
(McDunnough, 1932)
* ''
Euxoa cicatricosa''
(Grote & Robinson, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa cinchonina''
(Guenée, 1852)
* ''
Euxoa cincta''
Barnes & Benjamin, 1924
* ''
Euxoa cinereopallida''
(Smith, 1903)
* ''
Euxoa cinnabarina''
Barnes & McDunnough, 1918
* ''
Euxoa citricolor''
(Grote, 1880)
* ''
Euxoa clauda''
Püngeler, 1906
* ''
Euxoa clausa''
McDunnough, 1923
* ''
Euxoa coconino''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa cognita''
(Staudinger, 1881)
* ''
Euxoa comosa''
(Morrison, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa cona''
(Strecker, 1898)
* ''
Euxoa conjuncta''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa conspicua''
(Hübner, 827
__FORCETOC__
Year 827 ( DCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* June 14 – Euphemius, exiled Byzantine admiral, asks for the help of North African Arabs, to ret ...
* ''
Euxoa continentalis''
Reisser, 1935
* ''
Euxoa cos''
(Hübner, 824
* ''
Euxoa costata''
(Grote, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa crassilinea''
(Wallengren, 1860)
* ''
Euxoa crypta''
(Dadd, 1927)
* ''
Euxoa cryptica''
Hardwick, 1968
* ''
Euxoa culminicola''
(Staudinger, 1870)
* ''
Euxoa cursoria''
(Hufnagel, 1766) – coast dart
* ''
Euxoa dargo''
(Strecker, 1898)
* ''
Euxoa declarata''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa decora''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
* ''
Euxoa deficiens''
(Wagner, 1913)
* ''
Euxoa derrae''
Hacker, 1985
* ''
Euxoa deserta''
(Staudinger, 1870)
* ''
Euxoa deserticola''
I.Kozhantshikov, 1937
* ''
Euxoa detersa''
(Walker, 1856)
* ''
Euxoa diaphora''
Boursin, 1928
* ''
Euxoa difformis''
(Smith, 1900) (syn: ''Euxoa mercedes''
Barnes & McDunnough, 1912)
* ''
Euxoa dissona''
(Möschler, 1860)
* ''
Euxoa distinguenda''
(Lederer, 1857)
* ''
Euxoa divergens''
(Walker, 857
* ''
Euxoa dodi''
McDunnough, 1923
* ''
Euxoa edictalis''
(Smith, 1893)
* ''
Euxoa emma''
L. G. Crabo & A. Crabo, 2007
* ''
Euxoa emolliensis''
(Hampson, 1905)
* ''
Euxoa enixa''
(Püngeler, 1906)
* ''
Euxoa eruta''
(Hübner, 827
__FORCETOC__
Year 827 ( DCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* June 14 – Euphemius, exiled Byzantine admiral, asks for the help of North African Arabs, to ret ...
* ''
Euxoa excogita''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa extranea''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa fallax''
(Eversmann, 1854)
* ''
Euxoa faulkneri''
Mustelin, 2000
* ''
Euxoa fissa''
Staudinger, 1895
* ''
Euxoa flavicollis''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa flavidens''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa flavogrisea''
Corti, 1932
* ''
Euxoa foeda''
(Lederer, 1855)
* ''
Euxoa foeminalis''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa franclemonti''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa fumalis''
(Grote, 1873)
* ''
Euxoa furtivus''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa fuscigera''
(Grote, 1874) (sometimes misspelled as ''fuscigerus'')
* ''
Euxoa glabella''
Wagner, 1930
* ''
Euxoa goetria''
I.Kozhantshikov, 1929
* ''
Euxoa guadalupensis''
Lafontaine & Byers, 1982
* ''
Euxoa hardwicki''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa hastifera''
(Donzel, 1848)
* ''
Euxoa haverkampfi''
(Standfuss, 1893)
* ''
Euxoa henrietta''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa heringi''
(Staudinger, 1877)
* ''
Euxoa hilaris''
(Freyer, 1838)
* ''
Euxoa hollemani''
(Grote, 1874) (syn: ''Euxoa andera''
Smith, 1910)
* ''
Euxoa homicida''
(Staudinger, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa hyperborea''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa idahoensis''
(Grote, 1878)
* ''
Euxoa immixta''
(Grote, 1881)
* ''
Euxoa inconcinna''
(Harvey, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa infausta''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa infracta''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa inscripta''
Lafontaine, 1981
* ''
Euxoa intermontana''
Lafontaine, 1975
* ''
Euxoa intolerabilis''
(Püngeler, 1902)
* ''
Euxoa intrita''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa inyoca''
Benjamin, 1936
* ''
Euxoa juliae''
Hardwick, 1968
* ''
Euxoa karschi''
(Graeser, 890
__NOTOC__
Year 890 ( DCCCXC) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 890th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 890th year of the 1st millennium, the 90th year of the 9th century, and the ...
1889)
* ''
Euxoa laetificans''
Smith, 1894
* ''
Euxoa lafontainei''
Metzler & Forbes, 2009
* ''
Euxoa latro''
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
* ''
Euxoa lecerfi''
Zerny, 1934
* ''
Euxoa leuschneri''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa lewisi''
(Grote, 1873)
** ''Euxoa lewisi lewisi''
(Grote, 1873)
** ''Euxoa lewisi julia''
Hardwick, 1968
* ''
Euxoa lilloeet''
McDunnough, 1927
* ''
Euxoa lineifrons''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa lucida''
Barnes & McDunnough, 1912
* ''
Euxoa luctuosa''
Lafontaine, 1976
* ''
Euxoa macleani''
McDunnough, 1927
* ''
Euxoa macrodentata''
Hardwick, 1965
* ''
Euxoa maderensis''
Lafontaine, 1976
* ''
Euxoa maimes''
(Smith, 1903)
* ''
Euxoa malickyi''
Varga, 1990
* ''
Euxoa manitobana''
McDunnough, 1925
* ''
Euxoa mansour''
(Le Cerf, 1933)
* ''
Euxoa medialis''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa melana''
Lafontaine, 1975
* ''
Euxoa melura''
McDunnough, 1932
* ''
Euxoa mendelis''
Fernández, 1915
* ''
Euxoa messoria''
(Harris, 1841) – reaper dart
* ''
Euxoa mimallonis''
(Grote, 1873)
* ''
Euxoa misturata''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa mitis''
(Smith, 1894)
* ''
Euxoa mobergi''
Fibiger, 1990
* ''
Euxoa moerens''
(Grote, 1883)
* ''
Euxoa mojave''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa montana''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa montivaga''
Fibiger, 1997
* ''
Euxoa muldersi''
Lafontaine & Hensel, 2010
* ''
Euxoa munis''
(Grote, 1879)
* ''
Euxoa murdocki''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa mustelina''
(Christoph, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa nevada''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa nevadensis''
Corti, 1928
* ''
Euxoa nigricans''
(Linnaeus, 1761) – garden dart
* ''
Euxoa nigrofusca''
(Esper, 1788) – White-line Dart
* ''
Euxoa niveilinea''
(Grote, 883
__NOTOC__
Year 883 ( DCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Spring – Viking raiders ravage Flanders, and sack the abbey at Saint-Quentin. King Carloman II blocks thei ...
* ''
Euxoa nomas
''Euxoa nomas'' is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae described by Nikolay Grigoryevich Erschoff in 1874. It is found in Iran and Turkestan, as well as Alaska and Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and te ...
''
Erschoff, 1874 (syn: ''
Euxoa incognita''
(Smith, 1894))
* ''
Euxoa nostra''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa nyctopis''
Hampson, 1903
* ''
Euxoa obelisca
''Euxoa obelisca'', the square-spot dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm (Europe, Central Asia, North Africa Asia minor).
Technical description and variation
Forewing purplish brown; costa pale to outer ...
''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – square-spot dart
* ''
Euxoa obeliscoides''
(Guenée, 1852)
* ''
Euxoa oberfoelli''
Hardwick, 1973
* ''
Euxoa oblongistigma''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa occidentalis''
Lafontaine & Byers, 1982
* ''
Euxoa ochrogaster''
(Guenée, 1852) – redbacked cutworm
* ''
Euxoa olivalis''
(Grote, 1879)
* ''
Euxoa olivia''
(Morrison, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa oncocnemoides''
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
* ''
Euxoa oranaria''
(Bang-Haas, 1906)
* ''
Euxoa pallidimacula''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa pallipennis''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa penelope''
Fibiger, 1997
* ''
Euxoa perexcellens''
(Grote, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa permixta''
McDunnough, 1940
* ''
Euxoa perolivalis''
(Smith, 1905)
* ''
Euxoa perpolita''
(Morrison, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa pestula''
Smith, 1904
* ''
Euxoa phantoma''
(Kozhanchikov, 1928)
* ''
Euxoa pimensis''
Barnes & McDunnough, 1910
* ''
Euxoa piniae''
Buckett & Bauer, 1964
* ''
Euxoa plagigera''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa pleuritica''
(Grote, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa pluralis''
(Grote, 1878)
* ''
Euxoa powelli''
(Oberthür, 1912)
* ''
Euxoa punctigera''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa quadridentata''
(Grote & Robinson, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa quebecensis''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa recula''
(Harvey, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa recussa''
(Hübner, 817
__NOTOC__
Year 817 ( DCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Summer – Emperor Louis I issues an ''Ordinatio Imperii'', an imperial decree that lays out plans for an orderl ...
* ''
Euxoa redimicula''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa ridingsiana''
(Grote, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa riversii''
(Dyar, 1903)
* ''
Euxoa robiginosa''
(Staudinger, 1895)
* ''
Euxoa rockburnei''
Hardwick, 1973
* ''
Euxoa rufula''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa rugifrons''
(Mabille, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa sabuletorum''
(Boisduval, 1840)
* ''
Euxoa satiens''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa satis''
(Harvey, 1876)
* ''
Euxoa sayvana''
Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998
* ''
Euxoa scandens''
(Riley, 1869)
* ''
Euxoa scholastica''
McDunnough, 1920
* ''
Euxoa scotogrammoides''
McDunnough, 1932
* ''
Euxoa sculptilis''
(Harvey, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa segnilis''
(Duponchel, 1837)
* ''
Euxoa selenis''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa septentrionalis''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa serotina''
Lafontaine, 1975
* ''
Euxoa serricornis''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa servita''
(Smith, 1895) (sometimes misspelled as ''servitus'')
* ''
Euxoa setonia''
McDunnough, 1927
* ''
Euxoa shasta''
Lafontaine, 1975
** ''Euxoa shasta shasta''
Lafontaine, 1975
** ''Euxoa shasta condita''
Lafontaine, 1975
* ''
Euxoa sibirica''
(Boisduval, 837
__NOTOC__
Year 837 ( DCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos leads a massive Byzantine expeditionary force into Mesopotamia. ...
* ''
Euxoa siccata''
(Smith, 1893)
* ''
Euxoa silens''
(Grote, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa simona''
McDunnough, 1932
* ''
Euxoa simulata''
McDunnough, 1946
* ''
Euxoa sinelinea''
Hardwick, 1965
* ''
Euxoa spumata''
McDunnough, 1940
* ''
Euxoa stigmatalis''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa stygialis''
(Barnes & McDunnough, 1912)
* ''
Euxoa subandera''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa taura''
Smith, 1905 (syn: ''Euxoa cooki''
McDunnough, 1925)
* ''
Euxoa teleboa''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Euxoa temera
''Euxoa temera'' is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus, Armenia, Central Asia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran.
The wingspan is 30–35 mm. The moth flies from October to November ...
''
(Hübner, 808
808 may refer to:
Music
* Roland-808, Roland TR-808, a drum machine
* 808 (film), ''808'' (film), a documentary about the Roland TR-808
* 808 State, British electronic group
* ''808s & Heartbreak'', the fourth studio album by American Hip hop arti ...
* ''
Euxoa terrealis''
(Grote, 1883)
* ''
Euxoa terrena''
(Smith, 1900) (sometimes misspelled as ''terrenus'')
* ''
Euxoa tessellata''
(Harris, 1841)
* ''
Euxoa tibetana''
(Moore 1878)
* ''
Euxoa tocoyae''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa triaena''
Kozhanchikov, 1929
* ''
Euxoa trifasciata''
(Smith, 1888)
* ''
Euxoa tristicula''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Euxoa tristis''
(Staudinger, 1898)
* ''
Euxoa tritici''
(Linnaeus, 1761) – whiteline dart
* ''
Euxoa tronellus''
(Smith, 1903)
* ''
Euxoa unica''
McDunnough, 1940
* ''
Euxoa ustulata''
Lafontaine, 1976
* ''
Euxoa vallus''
(Smith, 1900)
** ''Euxoa vallus vallus''
(Smith, 1900)
** ''Euxoa vallus luteosita''
(Smith, 1900)
** ''Euxoa vallus bivittata''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Euxoa velleripennis''
Lafontaine, 1987
* ''
Euxoa vernalis''
Lafontaine, 1976
* ''
Euxoa vetusta''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Euxoa violaris''
(Grote & Robinson, 1868)
* ''
Euxoa vitta''
(Esper, 1789)
* ''
Euxoa wagneri''
Corti, 1926
* ''
Euxoa westermanni''
(Staudinger, 1857)
* ''
Euxoa wilsoni''
(Grote, 1873)
* ''
Euxoa xasta''
Barnes & McDunnough, 1910
* ''
Euxoa zernyi''
Boursin, 1944
References
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q779695
Noctuinae
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner