''Euthamia graminifolia'', the grass-leaved goldenrod or flat-top goldenrod, is a North American species of

plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with c ...

s in the family

Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...

. It is native to much of Canada (from

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador, having a total size of . As of 2025 the population ...

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

), and the northern and eastern United States (primarily the

Northeast The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A '' compass rose'' is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—eac ...

, the

Great Lakes region The Great Lakes region of Northern America is a binational Canadian– American region centered on the Great Lakes that includes the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and the Ca ...

, and the

Ohio Valley The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its mouth on the Mississippi River in Cairo, ...

, with additional populations in the

Southeast The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, Radius, radially arrayed compass directions (or Azimuth#In navigation, azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A ''compass rose'' is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, ...

, the

Great Plains The Great Plains is a broad expanse of plain, flatland in North America. The region stretches east of the Rocky Mountains, much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland. They are the western part of the Interior Plains, which include th ...

, and a few scattered locations in the

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...

). There are also introduced populations in Europe and Asia.Altervista Flora Italiana, Verga d'oro con foglie da gramigna, ''Euthamia graminifolia'' (L.) Nutt.
/ref>

Description

''Euthamia graminifolia'' is a

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition o ...

on thin, branching stems. Leaves are alternate, simple, long and narrow much like grass leaves (hence the name of the species). One plant can produce many small, yellow

flower heads A pseudanthium (; : pseudanthia) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, composite flowers ...

flat-topped arrays sometimes as much as 30 cm (1 foot) across. Each head has 7–35

ray florets Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...

surrounding 3–13

disc floret Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...

s. The species is very common in fallow fields, waste places,

fencerow In agriculture, fences are used to keep animals in or out of an area. They can be made from a wide variety of materials, depending on terrain, location and animals to be confined. Most agricultural fencing averages about high, and in some places ...

s, and vacant lots in many places.

Galls

This species is host to the following insect induced galls: * '' Asphondylia pseudorosa'' (bud,leaf snap and capitulum)) * '' Asteromyia euthamiae'' Gagné, 1968 * '' Coleosporium asterum'' (Dietel) * '' Dasineura carbonaria'' (Felt, 1907) * '' Epiblema desertana'' (Zeller, 1875) * '' Lasioptera cylindrigallae'' Felt, 1907 * '' Rhopalomyia fusiformae'' Felt, 1907 * '' Rhopalomyia lobata'' Felt, 1908 * '' Rhopalomyia pedicellata'' Felt, 1908
external link to gallformers

References

External links

United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for ''Euthamia graminifolia'' (flat-top goldentop)Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in North Carolina in 1897, isotype of ''Euthamia fastigiata'', syn of ''Euthamia graminifolia''
* graminifolia Flora of Northern America Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Astereae-stub