''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

in the family

Pieridae The Pieridae are a large family (biology), family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from Afrotropical realm, tropical Africa and Indomalayan realm, tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern ...

. Species range from

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Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

, and

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, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''

Eurema daira ''Eurema daira'', the fairy yellow, barred yellow or barred sulphur, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. The species was first described by Jean-Baptiste Godart in 1819. It is found from Argentina north to the southern United States. Strays c ...

''). There are over 70 species in the genus, but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them. Some species, such as the common African grass yellow ('' E. hecabe'') have over 80 synonyms. The genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms. This is the price of being a widespread taxon, as well as a zoogeographical problem.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups: ''Eurema''
page on Markku Savela's butterfly website * '' Eurema ada'' (Distant & Pryer, 1887) * ''

Eurema alitha ''Eurema alitha'', the scalloped grass yellow, is a butterfly species in the genus ''Eurema''. It was first described as ''Terias alitha'' by father and son entomologists Cajetan and Rudolf Felder in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia. Subspe ...

'' ( C.& R. Felder, 1862) – scalloped grass yellow * '' Eurema andersonii'' (Moore, 1886) – one-spot grass yellow * ''

Eurema beatrix ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). There ...

'' ( Toxopeus, 1939) * ''

Eurema blanda ''Eurema blanda'', the three-spot grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the Family (biology), family Pieridae which is found in Sri Lanka, India and southeast Asia. Description Life Cycle Egg Pale yellowish oval-shaped eggs are laid und ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) – three-spot grass yellow * ''

Eurema brigitta ''Eurema brigitta'', the small grass yellow or broad-bordered grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites. It is found in India, other parts of Asia, Australia and Africa. Description The wingsp ...

'' (Stoll,

780 __NOTOC__ Year 780 (Roman numerals, DCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 780th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 780th year of the 1st millennium, the 80th year of the 8th c ...

– small grass yellow or no brand grass yellow * ''

Eurema candida ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Stoll, 782 * ''

Eurema celebensis ''Eurema celebensis'' is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in the Sula Islands Regency, Indonesia, on the islands of Sulawesi and Sula. It was first described by Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1 ...

'' Wallace, 1867 * ''

Eurema desjardinsii ''Eurema desjardinsii'', the angled grass yellow, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, found in Africa. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the opposite wingtip. For exam ...

'' (Boisduval, 1833) – angled grass yellow * ?''

Eurema ecriva ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Butler, 1873) * ''

Eurema esakii ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterfly, butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira' ...

'' Shirôzu, 1953 * ''

Eurema floricola ''Eurema floricola'', the Malagasy grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and on Madagascar, the ...

'' (Boisduval, 1883) – Malagasy grass yellow * ?''

Eurema halmaherana ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1981 * ''

Eurema hapale ''Eurema hapale'', the marsh grass yellow or pale grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, including the Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, ...

'' (Mabille, 1882) – pale grass yellow or marsh grass yellow * ''

Eurema hecabe ''Eurema hecabe'', the common grass yellow, is a small pierid butterfly species found in Asia, Africa and Australia. They are found flying close to the ground and are found in open grass and scrub habitats. It is simply known as "the grass yello ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – common grass yellow * '' Eurema herla'' (Macleay, 1826) – pink grass yellow * ?'' Eurema hiurae'' Shirozu & Yata, 1977 * '' Eurema lacteola'' (Distant, 1886) – scarce grass yellow * '' Eurema laeta'' (Boisduval,

836 __NOTOC__ Year 836 ( DCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 836th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 836th year of the 1st millennium, the 36th year of the 9th century, and th ...

– spotless grass yellow * ''

Eurema lombokiana ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Fruhstorfer, 1897 * '' Eurema mandarinula'' (Holland, 1892) – mandarin grass yellow * ''

Eurema mentawiensis ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Corbet, 1942 * '' Eurema novapallida'' Yata, 1992 * ''

Eurema nilgiriensis ''Eurema nilgiriensis'', the Nilgiri grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in south India. It is closely related to ''Eurema andersoni'', ''Eurema ormistoni'', ''Eurema celeb ...

'' Yata, 1990 – Nilgiri grass yellow * '' Eurema puella'' (Boisduval, 1832) – broad-margined grass yellow * '' Eurema regularis'' (Butler, 1876) – regular grass yellow * ''

Eurema sari ''Eurema sari'', the chocolate grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Southeast Asia. The wingspan is . Adults have a distinct brown apex on the underside of the forewing. The larvae feed on Leguminosae species. Fil ...

'' (Horsfield,

829 __NOTOC__ Year 829 ( DCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * October 2 – Emperor Michael II dies after an 8-year reign in Constantinople, and is succeeded by his ...

– chocolate grass yellow * '' Eurema sarilata'' Semper, 1891 * ''

Eurema senegalensis ''Eurema senegalensis'', the forest grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Guinea (the Nimba Range), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the ...

'' Boisduval,

/small> – forest grass yellow * '' Eurema simulatrix'' (Semper, 1891) – changeable grass yellow * '' Eurema smilax'' (Donovan, 1805) – small grass yellow * '' Eurema tilaha'' (Horsfield,

* '' Eurema nicevillei'' (Butler, 1898) – Malayan grass yellow * '' Eurema timorensis'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1977 * '' Eurema tominia'' (Vollenhoven, 1865) * '' Eurema upembana'' (Berger, 1981) * '' Eurema zamida'' (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

: * '' Eurema adamsi'' (Lathy, 1898) * '' Eurema agave'' (Cramer,

775 __NOTOC__ Year 775 ( DCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...

* ''

Eurema albula ''Eurema albula'', the ghost yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found from southern Texas (where it is a rare stray) south through the West Indies and mainland tropical Central and South America to Brazil. The habitat consists ...

'' (Cramer,

776 __NOTOC__ Year 776 ( DCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 776 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...

– ghost yellow * '' Eurema amelia'' (Poey,

832 __NOTOC__ Year 832 ( DCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 832nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 832nd year of the 1st millennium, the 32nd year of the 9th century, and ...

* '' Eurema arbela'' Geyer,

/small> * ''

'' (Godart,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, Barbara, Bernhard W. Scholz, and Nithard ...

(type species) – barred yellow, fairy yellow, or barred sulphur * '' Eurema deva'' (Doubleday, 1847) * ''

Eurema elathea ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterfly, butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira' ...

'' (Cramer, 777 * '' Eurema fabiola'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) * '' Eurema lirina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema lucina'' (Poey,

852 __NOTOC__ Year 852 (Roman numerals, DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 4 – Trpimir I of Croatia, Trpimir I, duke (''Knyaz, knez'') of Duchy of Croatia, Croatia, an ...

* '' Eurema mexicana'' (Boisduval,

– Mexican yellow * '' Eurema nigrocincta'' Dognin, 1889 * '' Eurema paulina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema phiale'' (Cramer,

* '' Eurema reticulata'' (Butler, 1871) * '' Eurema salome'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Salome yellow * '' Eurema tupuntenem'' Lichy, 1976 * '' Eurema xantochlora'' (Kollar, 1850) – tropical yellow Species group abaeis: * ''

Eurema nicippe ''Eurema nicippe'', the sleepy orange, is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae. Its range spans from Central America to north along the United States-Mexico border, and it often travels further to non-mountainous regions of the sout ...

'' (Cramer,

779 __NOTOC__ Year 779 ( DCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 779 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europ ...

* '' Eurema nicippiformis'' Munroe, 1947 Species group pyrisitia: * '' Eurema chamberlaini'' Butler, 1897 * '' Eurema dina'' (Poey, 1832) – bush sulphur or dina yellow * ''

Eurema euterpiformis ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Munroe, 1947 * ''

Eurema leuce ''Eurema leuce'', the Hall's sulphur, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found on the West Indies and in Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia, and Venezuela. The length of the forewings is 17–21 mm for males and females. Adults have been r ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) – Hall's sulphur * '' Eurema lisa'' (Boisduval & Leconte, 1829) – little yellow * '' Eurema messalina'' (Fabricius, 1787) – shy yellow * '' Eurema nise'' (Cramer,

– mimosa yellow * '' Eurema portoricensis'' (Dewitz, 1877) – Puerto Rican yellow * '' Eurema proterpia'' (Fabricius, 1775) – tailed orange or little jaune * '' Eurema pyro'' (Godart, 1819) * ''

Eurema venusta ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) Species group teriocolias: * '' Eurema zelia'' (Lucas, 1852) Unknown species group *'' Eurema doris'' (Röber, 1909) *'' Eurema irena'' Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932 *'' Eurema ormistoni'' (Watkins, 1925) *'' Eurema raymundoi'' (D'Almeida, 1928) *'' Eurema tondana'' (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865)

References

External links

Pteron
Images of ''Eurema'', in Japanese but with

binomial Binomial may refer to: In mathematics *Binomial (polynomial), a polynomial with two terms *Binomial coefficient, numbers appearing in the expansions of powers of binomials *Binomial QMF, a perfect-reconstruction orthogonal wavelet decomposition * ...

names.
Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 22
{{Authority control Coliadinae Pieridae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Taxa described in 1819