False barred sulphur (Eurema elathea elathea) female

Small Grass Yellow (Eurema brigitta) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0313

Common Grass Yellow (Eurema hecabe) mating in Narshapur, AP W IMG 0776

''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...

in the family

Pieridae The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.DeVries P. J. in Levi ...

. Species range from

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

, Australia, and

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...

, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). There are over 70 species in the genus, but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them. Some species, such as the common African grass yellow ('' E. hecabe'') have over 80 synonyms. The genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms. This is the price of being a widespread taxon, as well as a zoogeographical problem.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups: ''Eurema''
page on Markku Savela's butterfly website * '' Eurema ada'' (Distant & Pryer, 1887) * ''

Eurema alitha ''Eurema alitha'', the scalloped grass yellow, is a butterfly species in the genus '' Eurema''. It was first described as ''Terias alitha'' by father and son entomologists Cajetan and Rudolf Felder in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia. Subsp ...

'' ( C.& R. Felder, 1862) – scalloped grass yellow * ''

Eurema andersonii ''Eurema andersonii'', the one-spot grass yellow or Anderson's grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in India and other parts of Asia. Description Subspecies and distributi ...

'' (Moore, 1886) – one-spot grass yellow * ''

Eurema beatrix ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). T ...

'' ( Toxopeus, 1939) * ''

Eurema blanda ''Eurema blanda'', the three-spot grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae which is found in Sri Lanka, India and southeast Asia. Description Life Cycle Egg Pale yellowish oval-shaped eggs are laid under or upper the l ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) – three-spot grass yellow * ''

Eurema brigitta ''Eurema brigitta'', the small grass yellow or broad-bordered grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites. It is found in India, other parts of Asia, Australia and Africa. Description The wings ...

'' (Stoll,

780 __NOTOC__ Year 780 ( DCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 780 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...

– small grass yellow or no brand grass yellow * ''

Eurema candida ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). The ...

'' (Stoll,

782 __NOTOC__ Year 782 ( DCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 782 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method i ...

* ''

Eurema celebensis ''Eurema celebensis'' is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in the Sula Islands Regency, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pa ...

'' Wallace, 1867 * ''

Eurema desjardinsii ''Eurema desjardinsii'', the angled grass yellow, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, found in Africa. The wingspan is 35–38 mm for males and 37–40 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round, depending on rainfall. The lar ...

'' (Boisduval, 1833) – angled grass yellow * ?''

Eurema ecriva ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). The ...

'' (Butler, 1873) * ''

Eurema esakii ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). The ...

'' Shirôzu, 1953 * ''

Eurema floricola ''Eurema floricola'', the Malagasy grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and on Madagascar, the Comoros ...

'' (Boisduval, 1883) – Malagasy grass yellow * ?''

Eurema halmaherana ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow ('' Eurema daira''). The ...

'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1981 * ''

Eurema hapale ''Eurema hapale'', the marsh grass yellow or pale grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, including the Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambi ...

'' (Mabille, 1882) – pale grass yellow or marsh grass yellow * ''

Eurema hecabe ''Eurema andersonii, Eurema hecabe'', the common grass yellow, is a small Pieridae, pierid butterfly species found in Asia, Africa and Australia. They are found flying close to the ground and are found in open grass and scrub habitats. It is simp ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – common grass yellow * '' Eurema herla'' (Macleay, 1826) – pink grass yellow * ?''

Eurema hiurae ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Shirozu & Yata, 1977 * '' Eurema lacteola'' (Distant, 1886) – scarce grass yellow * ''

Eurema laeta ''Eurema laeta'', the spotless grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae (the yellows and whites), which is found in India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Japan, and onwards to Australia. Description Photo gallery File:Spotles ...

'' (Boisduval,

836 __NOTOC__ Year 836 ( DCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Abbasid Caliphate * Driven by tensions between his favoured Turkish guard and the popula ...

– spotless grass yellow * '' Eurema lombokiana'' Fruhstorfer, 1897 * ''

Eurema mandarinula ''Eurema mandarinula'', the mandarin grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, north-eastern Zambia and Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tum ...

'' (Holland, 1892) – mandarin grass yellow * '' Eurema mentawiensis'' Corbet, 1942 * '' Eurema novapallida'' Yata, 1992 * ''

Eurema nilgiriensis ''Eurema nilgiriensis'', the Nilgiri grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in south India. It is closely related to '' Eurema andersoni'', ''Eurema ormistoni'', ''Eurema cele ...

'' Yata, 1990 – Nilgiri grass yellow * ''

Eurema puella ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Boisduval, 1832) – broad-margined grass yellow * '' Eurema regularis'' (Butler, 1876) – regular grass yellow * ''

Eurema sari ''Eurema sari'', the chocolate grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Southeast Asia. The wingspan is . Adults have a distinct brown apex on the underside of the forewing. The larvae feed on Leguminosae species. Fil ...

'' (Horsfield,

829 __NOTOC__ Year 829 ( DCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * October 2 – Emperor Michael II dies after an 8-year reign in C ...

– chocolate grass yellow * '' Eurema sarilata'' Semper, 1891 * '' Eurema senegalensis'' Boisduval,

/small> – forest grass yellow * '' Eurema simulatrix'' (Semper, 1891) – changeable grass yellow * ''

Eurema smilax ''Eurema smilax'', the small grass yellow, is a small pierid butterfly species found in Australia, including Lord Howe Island. It is also present on Java. The wingspan is about 30 mm. The upper surfaces of the wings are yellow with a black ...

'' (Donovan, 1805) – small grass yellow * '' Eurema tilaha'' (Horsfield,

* '' Eurema nicevillei'' (Butler, 1898) – Malayan grass yellow * ''

Eurema timorensis ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1977 * ''

Eurema tominia ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Vollenhoven, 1865) * '' Eurema upembana'' (Berger, 1981) * '' Eurema zamida'' (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

: * '' Eurema adamsi'' (Lathy, 1898) * '' Eurema agave'' (Cramer,

775 __NOTOC__ Year 775 ( DCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

* ''

Eurema albula ''Eurema albula'', the ghost yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found from southern Texas (where it is a rare stray) south through the West Indies and mainland tropical Central and South America to Brazil. The habitat consists ...

'' (Cramer,

776 __NOTOC__ Year 776 ( DCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 776 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

– ghost yellow * '' Eurema amelia'' (Poey,

832 __NOTOC__ Year 832 ( DCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 832nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 832nd year of the 1st millennium, ...

* '' Eurema arbela'' Geyer,

/small> * '' Eurema daira'' (Godart,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, B ...

(type species) – barred yellow, fairy yellow, or barred sulphur * '' Eurema deva'' (Doubleday, 1847) * '' Eurema elathea'' (Cramer,

777 777 may refer to: * 777 (number), a number * AD 777, a year of the Julian calendar * 777 BC, a year in the 8th century BC * Boeing 777, a commercial jet airliner :* Boeing 777X, the newer generation of the Boeing 777. Art and entertainment A ...

* ''

Eurema fabiola ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) * '' Eurema lirina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema lucina'' (Poey,

852 __NOTOC__ Year 852 ( DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 4 – Trpimir I, duke ('' knez'') of Croatia, and founder of the ...

* '' Eurema mexicana'' (Boisduval,

– Mexican yellow * '' Eurema nigrocincta'' Dognin, 1889 * '' Eurema paulina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema phiale'' (Cramer,

* '' Eurema reticulata'' (Butler, 1871) * ''

Eurema salome ''Eurema salome'', the Salome yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found from Peru northward through tropical America. It is an extremely rare migrant to the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. The habitat consists of forest opening ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Salome yellow * '' Eurema tupuntenem'' Lichy, 1976 * '' Eurema xantochlora'' (Kollar, 1850) – tropical yellow Species group abaeis: * ''

Eurema nicippe ''Eurema nicippe'', the sleepy orange, is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is also found in the West Indies, Costa Rica and Belize. Description The sleepy orange is a bright orange butterfly with the upperside of the win ...

'' (Cramer,

779 __NOTOC__ Year 779 ( DCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 779 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...

* '' Eurema nicippiformis'' Munroe, 1947 Species group pyrisitia: * '' Eurema chamberlaini'' Butler, 1897 * ''

Eurema dina ''Eurema dina'', the dina yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. The species was first described by Felipe Poey in 1832. It is found from Panama north to southern Florida. The species is regularly recorded from southern Texas and south- ...

'' (Poey, 1832) – bush sulphur or dina yellow * ''

Eurema euterpiformis ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' Munroe, 1947 * '' Eurema leuce'' (Boisduval, 1836) – Hall's sulphur * '' Eurema lisa'' (Boisduval & Leconte, 1829) – little yellow * '' Eurema messalina'' (Fabricius, 1787) – shy yellow * '' Eurema nise'' (Cramer,

– mimosa yellow * ''

Eurema portoricensis ''Eurema portoricensis'', the Puerto Rican yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Puerto Rico. The larvae feed on '' Senna obtusifolia'', ''Senna alata ''Senna alata'' is an important medicinal tree, as well as an or ...

'' (Dewitz, 1877) – Puerto Rican yellow * '' Eurema proterpia'' (Fabricius, 1775) – tailed orange or little jaune * ''

Eurema pyro ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...

'' (Godart, 1819) * '' Eurema venusta'' (Boisduval, 1836) Species group teriocolias: * '' Eurema zelia'' (Lucas, 1852) Unknown species group *'' Eurema doris'' (Röber, 1909) *'' Eurema irena'' Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932 *'' Eurema ormistoni'' (Watkins, 1925) *'' Eurema raymundoi'' (D'Almeida, 1928) *'' Eurema tondana'' (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865)

References

External links

Pteron
Images of ''Eurema'', in Japanese but with

binomial Binomial may refer to: In mathematics *Binomial (polynomial), a polynomial with two terms *Binomial coefficient, numbers appearing in the expansions of powers of binomials * Binomial QMF, a perfect-reconstruction orthogonal wavelet decomposition ...

names.
Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 22
{{Taxonbar, from=Q784767 Coliadinae Pieridae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner