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The Euphorinae are a large
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
of
Braconidae The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis ...
parasitoid wasp Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran Superfamily (zoology), superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, ...
s. Some species have been used for
biological pest control Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or ot ...
. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.


Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.


Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious
koinobiont In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionary strategies within parasitism ...
endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of
hemimetabolous Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism,McGavin, George C. ''Essential Entomology: An Order-by-Order Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp. 20. is the mode of development of certain ...
insects. Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult
beetle Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...
s. Its four
genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
are '' Dinocampus'' Foerster, '' Ropalophorous'' Curtis, '' Centistina'' Enderlein, and ''
Betelgeuse Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star in the constellation of Orion (constellation), Orion. It is usually the List of brightest stars, tenth-brightest star in the night sky and, after Rigel, the second brightest in its constellation. It i ...
''.


Tribes

Representative tribes of Euphorinae are Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini.


Genera

These 36 genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae: * '' Allurus'' Förster, 1862 c g * '' Aridelus'' Marshall, 1887 c g b * '' Bracteodes'' De Saeger, 1946 c g * '' Centistes'' Haliday, 1835 c g * '' Centistina'' Enderlein, 1912 c g * '' Chrysopophthorus'' Goidanich, 1948 c g b * '' Cosmophorus'' Ratzeburg, 1848 c g * '' Cryptoxilos'' Viereck, 1911 c g b * '' Dinocampus'' Förster, 1862 c g b * '' Eadya'' Huddleston & Short, 1978 c g * '' Ecclitura'' Kokujev, 1902 c g * '' Elasmosoma'' Ruthe, 1858 c g b * '' Euphoriella'' Ashmead, 1900 g b * '' Euphorus'' Nees, 1834 g * '' Kollasmosoma'' van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993 c g * '' Leiophron'' Nees von Esenbeck, 1818 c g b * '' Marshiella'' Shaw, 1985 c g * '' Meteorus'' Haliday, 1835 c g b * '' Microctonus'' Wesmael, 1835 c g b * '' Myiocephalus'' Marshall, 1897 c g * '' Neoneurus'' Haliday, 1838 c g b * '' Perilitus'' Nees von Esenbeck, 1818 c g * '' Peristenus'' Foerster, 1862 g b * '' Proclithrophorus'' Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981 c g * '' Pygostolus'' Haliday c g b * '' Rilipertus'' Haeselbarth, 1996 c g * '' Ropalophorus'' Curtis, 1837 c g * '' Spathicopis'' van Achterberg, 1977 c g * '' Stenothremma'' Shaw, 1984 c g * '' Streblocera'' Westwood, 1833 c g * '' Syntretellus'' De Saeger, 1946 c g * '' Syntretoriana'' Parrott, 1953 c g * ''
Syntretus ''Syntretus'' is a genus of parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is ...
'' Förster, 1862 c g b * '' Townesilitus'' Haeselbarth & Loan, 1983 g b * '' Wesmaelia'' Förster, 1862 c g * '' Zele'' Curtis, 1832 c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net


References


External links


Photos on BugGuide

DNA barcodes at BOLD systems
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4038291 Apocrita subfamilies