''Eunica'' is a genus of

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have ...

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

found in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

. These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spots.Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Silva-Brandão, K.L., Willmott, K., Freitas, A.V.L., Wahlberg, N. and Brower, A.V.Z. (2024), Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution. Cladistics, 40: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12556

Species

The genus contains the following species, listed alphabetically:, Butterflies of Amazonia * ''

Eunica Chepkorir Rono ''Eunica'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spo ...

'' (Doubleday,

847 __NOTOC__ Year 847 ( DCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Danish Vikings land in the Breton March (western part of Gaul). Duke Nominoe of Brittany fails to withstand them ...

* '' Eunica alpais'' (Godart,

824 __NOTOC__ Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By date * February 8 – The Tenchō era begins in Japan at the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Junna, bringing an end to the ...

* '' Eunica amelia'' (Cramer, 777 * '' Eunica amycla'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica anna'' (Cramer, 1780) * '' Eunica araucana'' C. & R. Felder, 1862 * '' Eunica bechina'' (Hewitson, 1852) * '' Eunica brunnea'' Salvin, 1869 * '' Eunica caelina'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica caralis'' (Hewitson, 1857) * '' Eunica carias'' (Hewitson, 1857) * '' Eunica chlorochroa'' (Salvin, 1869) - Mira purplewing * '' Eunica clytia'' (Hewitson, 1852) * '' Eunica concordia'' (Hewitson, 1852) – sandbar purplewing * '' Eunica cuvierii'' (Godart,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, Barbara, Bernhard W. Scholz, and Nithard ...

– Cuvier's purplewing * '' Eunica eburnea'' Fruhstorfer, 1907 * '' Eunica elegans'' Salvin, 1869 * '' Eunica eurota'' (Cramer,

775 __NOTOC__ Year 775 ( DCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...

* '' Eunica evelide'' Bates, 1864 * '' Eunica incognita'' Jenkins, 1990 * '' Eunica ingens'' Seitz, 1915 * '' Eunica interphasis'' Jenkins, 1990 * '' Eunica heraclites'' Gundlach, 1881 * '' Eunica macris'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica maja'' (Fabricius, 1775) * '' Eunica malvina'' Bates, 1864 – Malvina purplewing * '' Eunica margarita'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica marsolia'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica mira'' Godman & Salvin, 1877 * '' Eunica monima'' (Stoll,

782 __NOTOC__ Year 782 ( DCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 782nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 782nd year of the 1st millennium, the 82nd year of the 8th century, and ...

- dingy purplewing * ''

Eunica mygdonia ''Eunica'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spo ...

'' (Godart,

* '' Eunica norica'' (Hewitson, 1852) – Norica purplewing * '' Eunica olympias'' C. & R. Felder, 1862 * '' Eunica orphise'' (Cramer,

* '' Eunica phasis'' C. & R. Felder, 1862 * '' Eunica pomona'' (C. & R. Felder,

867 __NOTOC__ Year 867 ( DCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 24 – Emperor Michael III is murdered, by order of his co-emperor Basil I. Basil become ...

– rounded purplewing * '' Eunica pusilla'' Bates, 1864 - pusilla purplewing * '' Eunica sophonisba'' (Cramer,

– glorious purplewing * '' Eunica sydonia'' (Godart,

– Godart's purplewing * '' Eunica tatila'' (Herrich-Schaeffer,

855 __NOTOC__ Year 855 (Roman numerals, DCCCLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * November 20 – Theoktistos, co-regent of the Empire on behalf of 15-year old Emperor Mi ...

– Florida purplewing * '' Eunica venusia'' (C. & R. Felder, 1867) * '' Eunica veronica'' Bates, 1864 * '' Eunica viola'' Bates, 1864 * '' Eunica violetta'' Staudinger,

885 Year 885 ( DCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Emperor Charles the Fat summons a meeting of officials at Lobith (modern Netherlands), and accuses Hugh, an ...

/small> * '' Eunica volumna'' (Godart,

References

*Jenkins, D. W. 1990. Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of ''Eunica''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum'' 131:1-175. *Lamas, G. (ed.) 2004. ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera''. (Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea to Papilionoidea). Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida.

External links

''Eunica''
Tree of Life {{Taxonbar, from=Q2702924 Biblidinae Nymphalidae of South America Nymphalidae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner