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''Euhadra'' is a
* '' Euhadra luhuana'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1839) * '' Euhadra moreletiana'' (Heude, 1882) * '' Euhadra nachicola'' Kuroda, 1929 * '' Euhadra nesiotica'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * † '' Euhadra pachya'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * '' Euhadra peliomphala'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) * '' Euhadra sadoensis'' (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1903) * '' Euhadra sandai'' (Kobelt, 1879) * '' Euhadra schmackeri'' (Möllendorff, 1888) * '' Euhadra senckenbergiana'' (Kobelt, 1875) ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' (Gulick & Pilsbry, 1900) ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana notoensis'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana minoensis'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana'' * '' Euhadra sigeonis'' Kuroda, 1944 * '' Euhadra subnimbosa'' (Kobelt, 1894) * † '' Euhadra takarajimana'' M. Azuma & Y. Azuma, 1985 * '' Euhadra tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982 * '' Euhadra yakushimana'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 1.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 2.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana''
Sinistral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include:
* '' Euhadra decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
* '' Euhadra grata'' (Gude, 1900)
** '' Euhadra grata echigoensis'' Murayama, Takizawa & Habe, 1991
* '' Euhadra murayamai'' Habe, 1976
* '' Euhadra quaesita'' (Deshayes, 1850), Sought-after False Hadra
* '' Euhadra scaevola'' (Martens, 1877)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Euhadra amphidroma'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Trichocathaica amphidroma'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra carphochroa'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena carphochroa'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra eris'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena eris'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra halpozona'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena halpozona'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra hickonis'' Kobelt, 1879: synonym of ''Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra iwadensis'' Toba & Kuroda, 1936: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanmuriensis'' Azuma & Tada, 1969: synonym of ''Euhadra sandai communis'' Pilsbry, 1928 (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanoi'' Kuroda, 1932: synonym of '' Nesiohelix kanoi'' (Kuroda, 1932) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of '' Fruticicola koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850)
* ''Euhadra micromphala'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena micromphala'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pekanensis'' H. Rolle, 1911: synonym of '' Satsuma pekanensis'' (H. Rolle, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudocampylaea'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena pseudocampylaea'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudopapuina'' Möllendorff, 1901: synonym of '' Aegista pseudopapuina'' (Möllendorff, 1901) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strauchiana'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena strauchiana'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strictotaenia'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena strictotaenia'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tenuitesta'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena tenuitesta'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tobai'' S. Hirase, 1929: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra tokarana'' Azuma, 1982: synonym of ''Euhadra tokarainsula tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982
かたつむりの世界〈マイマイ属〉
''The world of land snails (Euhadra) in Japan''. Nagoya, Kinmirai-sha. 332 pp. (with English introduction) * Yamazaki N., Ueshima R., Terrett J. A., Yokobori S., Kaifu M., Segawa R., Kobayashi T., Numachi K., Ueda T., Nishikawa K., Watanabe K. & Thomas R. H. (1997). "Evolution of pulmonate gastropod mitochondrial genomes: comparisons of complete gene organizations of ''Euhadra'', ''Cepaea'' and ''Albinaria'' and implications of unusual tRNA secondary structures". ''Genetics'' 145: 749-758. * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017 {{Taxonbar, from=Q11339789 Camaenidae
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of air-breathing land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s, terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the subfamily Bradybaeninae
Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae. Members of the subfamily Bradybaeninae are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to t ...
of the family Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a Family (biology), family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families i ...
.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995784 on 2021-02-08
(This snail genus was previously placed in the family Eulotidae).
A few of the species in this genus are unusual in that specimens in those species always have left-handed "sinistral" coiling in their shells, as shown in the specimen on the right. The rest of the species in the genus are right-handed or "dextral" in the shell coiling, as is usually the case in the great majority of gastropods.
Distribution
These snails are almost endemic toJapan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, but one of them are distributed in Korea
Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
.
Species
Most species in this genus have adextral
Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction. The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (''sinister'') and "right" (''dexter''). Other disciplines use different ...
shell and 5 species are sinistral.
Dextral species
Dextral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include: * '' Euhadra amaliae'' (Kobelt, 1875) * '' Euhadra awaensis'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * '' Euhadra brandtii'' (Kobelt, 1875) * '' Euhadra callizona'' (Crosse, 1871) * '' Euhadra caspari'' (Möllendorff, 1884) * '' Euhadra cecillei'' (Philippi, 1849) * '' Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) * '' Euhadra cyclolabris'' Möllendorff, 1899 * '' Euhadra dixoni'' (Pilsbry, 1900) * '' Euhadra eoa'' (Crosse, 1868) * '' Euhadra granulifera'' (Möllendorff, 1888) * '' Euhadra herklotsi'' (Martens, 1861) * '' Euhadra idzumonis'' (Pilsbry & Gulick, 1900) * '' Euhadra kunoensis'' Kuroda in Masuda & Habe, 1989 * '' Euhadra latispira'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) ** '' Euhadra latispira yagurai'' Kuroda & Habe, 1949* '' Euhadra luhuana'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1839) * '' Euhadra moreletiana'' (Heude, 1882) * '' Euhadra nachicola'' Kuroda, 1929 * '' Euhadra nesiotica'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * † '' Euhadra pachya'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * '' Euhadra peliomphala'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) * '' Euhadra sadoensis'' (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1903) * '' Euhadra sandai'' (Kobelt, 1879) * '' Euhadra schmackeri'' (Möllendorff, 1888) * '' Euhadra senckenbergiana'' (Kobelt, 1875) ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' (Gulick & Pilsbry, 1900) ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana notoensis'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana minoensis'' ** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana'' * '' Euhadra sigeonis'' Kuroda, 1944 * '' Euhadra subnimbosa'' (Kobelt, 1894) * † '' Euhadra takarajimana'' M. Azuma & Y. Azuma, 1985 * '' Euhadra tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982 * '' Euhadra yakushimana'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
Sinistral species
Sinistral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include:
* '' Euhadra decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
* '' Euhadra grata'' (Gude, 1900)
** '' Euhadra grata echigoensis'' Murayama, Takizawa & Habe, 1991
* '' Euhadra murayamai'' Habe, 1976
* '' Euhadra quaesita'' (Deshayes, 1850), Sought-after False Hadra
* '' Euhadra scaevola'' (Martens, 1877)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Euhadra amphidroma'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Trichocathaica amphidroma'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra carphochroa'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena carphochroa'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra eris'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena eris'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra halpozona'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena halpozona'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra hickonis'' Kobelt, 1879: synonym of ''Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra iwadensis'' Toba & Kuroda, 1936: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanmuriensis'' Azuma & Tada, 1969: synonym of ''Euhadra sandai communis'' Pilsbry, 1928 (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanoi'' Kuroda, 1932: synonym of '' Nesiohelix kanoi'' (Kuroda, 1932) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of '' Fruticicola koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850)
* ''Euhadra micromphala'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena micromphala'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pekanensis'' H. Rolle, 1911: synonym of '' Satsuma pekanensis'' (H. Rolle, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudocampylaea'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena pseudocampylaea'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudopapuina'' Möllendorff, 1901: synonym of '' Aegista pseudopapuina'' (Möllendorff, 1901) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strauchiana'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena strauchiana'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strictotaenia'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena strictotaenia'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tenuitesta'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena tenuitesta'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tobai'' S. Hirase, 1929: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra tokarana'' Azuma, 1982: synonym of ''Euhadra tokarainsula tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982
References
Further reading
* * Ueshima R. & Asami T. (16 October 2003). "Evolution: Single-gene speciation by left–right reversal". ''Nature'' 425: 679. * Kawana M. (2007)かたつむりの世界〈マイマイ属〉
''The world of land snails (Euhadra) in Japan''. Nagoya, Kinmirai-sha. 332 pp. (with English introduction) * Yamazaki N., Ueshima R., Terrett J. A., Yokobori S., Kaifu M., Segawa R., Kobayashi T., Numachi K., Ueda T., Nishikawa K., Watanabe K. & Thomas R. H. (1997). "Evolution of pulmonate gastropod mitochondrial genomes: comparisons of complete gene organizations of ''Euhadra'', ''Cepaea'' and ''Albinaria'' and implications of unusual tRNA secondary structures". ''Genetics'' 145: 749-758. * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017 {{Taxonbar, from=Q11339789 Camaenidae