physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...
and
professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...
Science
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...
of the
University of Paris
The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...
German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...
Jules Violle
Jules Louis Gabriel Violle (16 November 1841 – 12 September 1923) was a French physicist and inventor.
He is notable for having determined the solar constant at Mont Blanc in 1875, and, in 1881, for proposing a standard for luminous inte ...
,
Marcel Brillouin
Louis Marcel Brillouin (; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician. He carried research in many realms of physics, including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, geophysics, quantum mechan ...
, and
Henri Abraham
Henri Abraham (12 July 1868–22 December 1943) was a French physicist who made important contributions to the science of radio waves. He performed some of the first measurements of the propagation velocity of radio waves, helped develop France's ...
, and at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Paris, where he attended the courses of
Gabriel Lippmann
Gabriel Lippmann ( ; 16 August 1845 – 12 July 1921) was a French physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1908 "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference".
Early life and educa ...
and Edmond Bouty and obtained degrees in physics and mathematical sciences in 1899.
After having obtained the highest score in the aggregation examination, he taught at the physics laboratory of the
while preparing his Ph.D. in Physical Science on ionization in phosphorescence which he defended at the
Faculty of Sciences
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some ...
of the
University of Paris
The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...
in 1904.
Career and works
In 1906 Bloch became professor of physics in the special mathematics class at the Saint-Louis secondary school in Paris, where he taught for eleven years. In addition to his teaching, he also carried out research in the physics laboratory of the
on the photoelectric effect and spectroscopy.
In 1908 Bloch completed the studies that he had pursued following his thesis and devoted himself to studying the photoelectric effect (discovered by Hertz in 1887 and then studied by Lenard around 1902). Unlike Lenard, Bloch understood the importance of distinguishing various colors, or wavelengths of light, instead of using white light. His experiments helped to support the interpretation given by Einstein in 1905.
In 1925 he developed the first spectrograph with a concave, reflective, and vacuum network which worked in the far ultra-violet up to wavelengths of up to 20 nm. The tables of wavelengths established with this apparatus on 30 chemical elements, and their variously charged ions, are still in use.
In 1940 Bloch was dismissed from his professorship following the anti-Jewish laws of the Vichy government and had to leave the
Georges Bruhat
Georges Bruhat (21 December 18871 January 1945In the dedication by Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat: The date is given as 31 December 1944 in ) was a French physicist.
Life and academic career
Bruhat studied physics from 1906 until 1909 at the École ...
. Bloch passed clandestinely to the "free zone", and worked in a laboratory of the University of Lyon. This was formalized in 1941 as an official assignment of the newly formed
French National Centre for Scientific Research
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe.
In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engi ...
. When the German army invaded the Free Zone in 1942, Bloch attempted unsuccessfully to flee to Switzerland. He then hid under a false identity in the mountains of Savoy. The
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of F ...
found and arrested him at
Allevard
Allevard (; also known as Allevard-les-Bains) is a Communes of France, commune in the Isère Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France.
The commune has been awarded two flowers by the National C ...
by Convoy no. 69 of 7 March 1944Voir, Klarsfeld, 1978. and was murdered at the
Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) d ...
Henri-Alexandre Danlos
Henri-Alexandre Danlos (, ; 26 March 1844 – 12 September 1912) was a French physician and dermatologist born in Paris. A group of inherited connective tissue disorders, the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, have been named after both him and Danis ...
References
*
Serge Klarsfeld
Serge Klarsfeld (born 17 September 1935) is a Romanian-born French activist and Nazi hunter known for documenting the Holocaust in order to establish the record and to enable the prosecution of war criminals. Since the 1960s, he has made notable ...
Freddy Raphaël Freddie or Freddy may refer to:
Entertainment
*Freddy (comic strip), a newspaper comic strip which ran from 1955 to 1980
* Freddie (Cromartie), a character from the Japanese manga series''Cromartie High School''
*Freddie (dance), a short-lived 19 ...
et Robert Weyl, "Eugène Bloch," in ''
Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne
A ''nouveau'' ( ), or ''vin (de) primeur'', is a wine which may be sold in the same year in which it was harvested.
The most widely exported ''nouveau'' wine is French wine Beaujolais ''nouveau'' which is released on the third Thursday of N ...