''Eucalyptus jacksonii'', commonly known as the red tingle, is a species of tall tree

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to the southwest of

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

and is one of the tallest trees found in the state. It has thick, rough, stringy reddish bark from the base of the trunk to the thinnest branches, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and shortened spherical to barrel-shaped fruit.

Description

''Eucalyptus jacksonii'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of and has thick, rough, stringy and furrowed grey-brown or red-brown bark. The bases of very old, heavily buttressed trees can have a circumference up to . While some references have red tingle reaching heights of up to , the tallest known living tree stands at tall. The

crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, parti ...

is dense and compact, forming a heavy canopy. Young plants and

coppice Coppicing is the traditional method in woodland management of cutting down a tree to a tree stump, stump, which in many species encourages new Shoot (botany), shoots to grow from the stump or roots, thus ultimately regrowing the tree. A forest ...

regrowth have broadly egg-shaped leaves that are dark green on the upper surface, paler below, long and wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, dark green on the upper surface, paler below, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide on a

petiole Petiole may refer to: *Petiole (botany), the stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem *Petiole (insect anatomy) In entomology, petiole is the technical term for the narrow waist of some hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, and ...

long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on

pedicels In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branch ...

long. Mature buds are an elongated oval, long and wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs between January and March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody shortened spherical to barrel-shaped capsule long and wide on a pedicel long and with the valves enclosed below the level of the rim. The trees often have shallow root systems and grow a buttressed base. The heartwood is deep pink to reddish brown with a green-wood density of about , and air-dried density about . One specimen, known as the "Giant Tingle Tree" is a tourist attraction in the

Walpole-Nornalup National Park Walpole-Nornalup National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is famous for its towering karri and tingle trees. Red tingle trees are unique to the Walpole area. The park is part of the la ...

near Walpole. Its base has been hollowed by fire and it is claimed to have the largest girth of any living eucalypt. The red tingle is often compared to the other two species - the yellow tingle ('' Eucalyptus guilfoylei'') and Rate's tingle ('' Eucalyptus brevistylis'') are smaller. The red tingle is more closely related to Rate's tingle, both of which belong to the subgenus ''Eucalyptus''. ''E. jacksonii'' typically live for 70 years. Both red tingle and Rate's tingle, '' Eucalyptus brevistylis'' can live for up to 400 years.

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first described by the

botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

Joseph Maiden Joseph Henry Maiden (25 April 1859 – 16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the genus ''Eucalyptus''. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing ...

in 1914 in the ''Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales''. ''Eucalyptus jacksonii'' is named after

Sidney William Jackson Sidney William Jackson (12 June 1873 – 30 September 1946) was an Australian naturalist and field ornithologist with a special interest in oology, who was also a skilled photographer and taxidermist. History Jackson was born in Brisbane, Queens ...

, an Australian naturalist and ornithologist. Jackson collected the specimens used by Maiden near the "Deep River",

Nornalup Inlet Nornalup Inlet ( /ˈnoːnələp ˈɪnlət/ Australian English) is an estuarine body of water on the south coast of the South West of Australia, approximately from Perth. It is approximately in extent, and up to deep. It is fed by the Deep ...

and "Bow River", Irwin's Inlet.

Distribution and habitat

The distribution of the species has been shrinking due to climate change and land clearing. They are now found primarily in

and in a few isolated sites outside the park in the Walpole area at the juncture of the

South West Southwest is a compass point. Southwest, south-west, south west, southwestern or south-western or south western may also refer to: * Southwest (direction), an intercardinal direction Geography *South West Queensland, Australia *South West (Weste ...

and Great Southern regions along the south coast of Western Australia where it grows on hillsides and in gullies in loamy soils. The trees often occur with ''

Eucalyptus marginata ''Eucalyptus marginata'', commonly known as jarrah, in Noongar language and historically as Swan River mahogany, is a plant in the Myrtus, myrtle Family (biology), family, Myrtaceae and is endemism, endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-we ...

'' (jarrah) and ''

Eucalyptus diversicolor ''Eucalyptus diversicolor'', commonly known as karri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall tree with smooth light grey to cream-coloured, often mottled bar ...

'' (karri) and ''

Corymbia calophylla ''Corymbia calophylla'', commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or Mallee (habit), mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, ...

'' (marri) trees. The red tingle also can occur with '' Eucalyptus guilfoylei'' (yellow tingle) and '' Eucalyptus brevistylis'' (Rate's tingle) and are the dominant species in the stands in which they occur.

Ecology

Red Tingle is regarded as one of the six forest giants found in Western Australia; the other trees include; ''

'' (Marri), ''

'' (Karri), ''

Eucalyptus gomphocephala ''Eucalyptus gomphocephala'', known as tuart, is a species of tree and is one of the six forest giants of Southwest Australia. The trees usually grow to a height of and mostly have a single stem, but can have multiple stems under some condit ...

'' (Tuart), ''

'' (Jarrah) and ''

Eucalyptus patens ''Eucalyptus patens'', commonly known as yarri or blackbutt, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped leaves, cream ...

'' (Yarri). The species is listed as

near threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to Endangered species, endangerment in the ne ...

according to the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the stat ...

in 2019. The estimated number of mature individuals is 22200 to 42000. It has an estimated area of occupancy of an estimated extent of occurrence of . The population is stable but is severely fragmented.

Gallery

Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole June 1977.jpg, Valley of the Giants, Walpole May, 1977 Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 20.jpg, Tingle tree crown

Image:Eucalytpus jacksonii buttressed base.jpg, The buttressed and burnt base of a red tingle in the Valley of the Giants Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 09.jpg, Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park containing tingle forest Image:Old Rusty.jpg, Old Rusty, the biggest red tingle in actual wood volume Image:Hollow Trunk.jpg, Hollow Trunk, the largest girthed red tingle and largest in restored volume

References

External links

Forest Product Commission web page
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2156438 Trees of Australia Trees of Mediterranean climate jacksonii Myrtales of Australia Eucalypts of Western Australia Plants described in 1913 Taxa named by Joseph Maiden Endemic flora of Southwest Australia