Eucalyptus Conferruminata

''Eucalyptus conferruminata'', commonly known as Bald Island marlock or bushy yate, is a small tree or mallee endemic to the south coast of Western Australia. It has smooth whitish and grey bark, elliptic to oblong or egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in fused in groups of between fifteen and twenty one, green to yellowish flowers and fruit forming a woody mass.

Description

This mallee or tree typically grows to a height of and has smooth, grey and whitish bark and a bushy habit. Adult leaves are elliptical to oblong or egg-shaped, long, wide and the same glossy, light green colour on both surfaces. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between fifteen and twenty one or more in leaf axils on a broad, strap-like peduncle long. The buds are fused at the hypanthium with only the upper part free. The combined length of the fused hypanthia and each operculum is about . The operculum is horn-shaped and about four to six times the length of the fused hypanthia. Green to yellow-green flowers appear from late winter to late spring between August and November. The fruit are fused to form a woody mass wide with three valves extending beyond the rim but remaining fused at their tips. The seeds are blackish brown with a flattened-ovoid to cuboid shape and are released through the gap between the valves.

Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanists Denis John Carr and Stella Grace Maisie Carr in 1981 and the description was published in the ''Australian Journal of Botany''. The type specimen was collected by Alex George on Middle Mount Barren in 1970. The specific epithet (''conferruminata'') is from the Latin ''conferruminatus'' meaning "fused", referring to the fused buds and fruit.

In 2008, Dean Nicolle, Malcolm French and Nathan McQuoid described two subspecies of ''E. conferruminata'' and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* ''Eucalyptus conferruminata'' D.J.Carr & S.G.M.Carr subsp. ''conferruminata'' that has an operculum more than wide at the base;
* ''Eucalyptus conferruminata'' subsp. ''recherche'' D.Nicolle & M.E.French that has an operculum less than wide at the base.

''E. conferruminata'' belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus ''Symphyomyrtus'' section ''Bisectae'' subsection ''Hadrotes'' because the coarsely bisected cotyledons, erect stamens and larger thick rimmed fruits. The subsection ''Hadrotes'' contains ten species of which eight do not have oil glands in the branchlet pith. Together these eight species form series ''Lehmannianae'', a group that have fruit with exserted valves that have fused tips even after the seeds are lost, a feature also shared with the distantly related ''Eucalyptus cornuta''.

Of the eight species in series ''Lehmannianae'' four species, ''E. conferruminata'', '' E. lehmannii'', '' E. mcquoidii'' and '' E. arborella'' all have the buds in an axillary cluster that is fused basally.

Distribution

Native distribution is limited to the south of Western Australia, from Two Peoples Bay east to beyond Esperance, including islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. It is always found in coastal areas, often on massive granite rocks.Brooker, I. & Kleinig, D., ''Eucalyptus, An illustrated guide to identification'', Reed Books, Melbourne, 1996 It is often found on hillsides and in gullies growing in sandy-loamy soils over granite or quartzite.

The species has become naturalised in other parts of the Southwest region of Western Australia, via revegetation projects, windbreaks, and as a garden escapee. ''E. conferruminata'' has a limited distribution in Victoria where it has become sparingly established in the Gippsland and Wimmera areas after having spread by seed dispersal from planted trees. The species, once sold as ''Eucalyptus lehmannii'', has also become naturalised in California.

The subspecies most commonly cultivated in coastal regions of southern Australia, including in metropolitan areas of Perth and Adelaide is subspecies ''recherche''. Subspecies ''conferruminata'' is endemic to the Recherche Archipelago and does not occur naturally on the mainland.

Use in horticulture

The plant is sold commercially as an ornamental, wind break or for erosion control. It will tolerate drought once established, moderate frost and grows in a variety of soil types including waterlogged soils.

See also

* List of ''Eucalyptus'' species

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2712351

conferruminata
Myrtales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Eucalypts of Western Australia
Trees of Mediterranean climate
Plants described in 1981
Taxa named by Maisie Carr