''Etmopterus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

lantern shark ''Etmopterus'' is a genus of Etmopteridae, lantern sharks in the Squaliformes, squaliform family (biology), family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ecol ...

s in the

squaliform The Squaliformes are an order (biology), order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating me ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Etmopteridae. They are found in

deep sea The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low tempe ...

ecosystems of the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Associated with India * of or related to India ** Indian people ** Indian diaspora ** Languages of India ** Indian English, a dialect of the English language ** Indian cuisine Associated with indigenous peoples o ...

and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

Ecology

A number of species in this genus function as

host A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places * Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County * Host Island, in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica People * ...

to the specialized

parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The ent ...

barnacle '' Anelasma squalicola'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts

nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excret ...

s from its bloodstream.

Species

There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: * '' Etmopterus alphus'' Ebert,

Straube Straube is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Emil J. Straube (born 1952), Swiss and American mathematician * Erich Straube (1887–1971), German general * Karl Straube Montgomery Rufus Karl Siegfried Straube (6 Januar ...

Leslie Leslie may refer to: * Leslie (name), a name and list of people with the given name or surname, including fictional characters Families * Clan Leslie, a Scottish clan with the motto "grip fast" * Leslie (Russian nobility), a Russian noble family ...

& Weigmann, 2016 (whitecheek lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus baxteri The New Zealand lanternshark (''Etmopterus baxteri'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae mainly found off the coast of New Zealand. It can also be found in the Southern areas of Australia and Africa, inhabiting water depths between 500-1500m. ...

'' Garrick, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus benchleyi The ninja lanternshark (''Etmopterus benchleyi'') is of the family Etmopteridae, found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Nicaragua, south to Panama and Costa Rica. The depth range of collections is from 836 to 1443 meters along the continen ...

Vásquez Vásquez is a surname of Galicians, Galician origin, which later spread all over the Spanish-speaking world. Alternative spellings of the name include Vázquez or Vasques (particularly in regions with seseo), and Vasquez or Vazquez (in countries wh ...

, Ebert & D. J. Long, 2015 (ninja lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus bigelowi The blurred lanternshark (''Etmopterus bigelowi'') is a little-known species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, found around the world in benthic and pelagic habitats from a depth of to over down. This shark forms the '' E. pusillus'' ...

'' Shirai &

Tachikawa file:Autumn colors in Showa memorial park.jpg, 250px, Showa Memorial Park is a Cities of Japan, city located in the western Tokyo, western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 househ ...

, 1993 (blurred lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus brachyurus The short-tail lanternshark (''Etmopterus brachyurus'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the western Pacific between latitudes 37°N and 30°S, at depths of between . Its length is up to . Reproduction is ovoviviparous Ovoviv ...

'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (short-tail lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus brosei'' Ebert,

& Weigmann, 2021 (Barrie's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus bullisi'' Bigelow &

Schroeder __NOTOC__ Schroeder is a North German (from Schröder) occupational name for a cloth cutter or tailor, from an agent derivative of Middle Low German , "to cut". The same term was occasionally used to denote a gristmiller as well as a shoemaker, wh ...

, 1957 * '' Etmopterus burgessi'' Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2006 * '' Etmopterus carteri'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (cylindrical lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus caudistigmus''

Last A last is a mechanical form shaped like a human foot. It is used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts come in many styles and sizes, depending on the exact job they are designed for. Common variations ...

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (tail-spot lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus compagnoi'' R. Fricke &

Koch Koch may refer to: People * Koch (surname), people with this surname * Koch dynasty, a dynasty in Assam and Bengal, north east India * Koch family * Koch people (or Koche), an ethnic group originally from the ancient Koch kingdom in north east In ...

, 1990Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015)
On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, ''Etmopterus granulosus'', off South Africa, with comments on the validity of ''E. compagnoi''.
''Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.'' * '' Etmopterus decacuspidatus'' W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (comb-tooth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus dianthus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pink lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus dislineatus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 * '' Etmopterus evansi''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (black-mouth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus fusus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pygmy lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus gracilispinis'' G. Krefft, 1968 (broad-banded lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus granulosus'' ( Günther, 1880) (southern lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus hillianus'' ( Poey, 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus joungi'' Knuckey, Ebert & G. H. Burgess, 2011 (short-fin smooth lanternshark)Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011)
''Etmopterus joungi'' n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.'' * '' Etmopterus lailae'' Ebert, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017 (Laila's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus litvinovi'' Parin & Kotlyar, 1990 (small-eye lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus lucifer''

D. S. Jordan David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford Universi ...

& Snyder, 1902 (black-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus marshae'' Ebert & Van Hees (Marsha's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus molleri'' ( Whitley, 1939) (Moller's lanternshark or also Slendertail lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus perryi'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (dwarf lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus polli The African lanternshark (''Etmopterus polli'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the eastern Atlantic between latitudes 12°N and 18°S, at depths between 300 and 1,000 m. Its length is up to 30 cm. Reproduction is ovovivi ...

'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (African lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus princeps'' Collett, 1904 (great lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (false lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pusillus'' ( R. T. Lowe, 1839) (smooth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pycnolepis'' Kotlyar, 1990 (dense-scale lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus robinsi'' Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997 (West Indian lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus samadiae'' W. T. White, Ebert,

Mana Mana may refer to: Religion and mythology * Mana (Oceanian cultures), the spiritual life force energy or healing power that permeates the universe in Melanesian and Polynesian mythology * Mana (food), archaic name for manna, an edible substance m ...

& Corrigan, 2017 (Papuan lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus schultzi'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (fringe-fin lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sculptus'' Ebert, Compagno &

De Vries De Vries is one of the most common Netherlands, Dutch surnames. It indicates a geographical origin: "Vriesland" is an old spelling of the Netherlands, Dutch province of Friesland (Frisia). Hence, "de Vries" means "the Frisian". The name has been m ...

, 2011 (sculpted lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sentosus''

Bass Bass or Basses may refer to: Fish * Bass (fish), various saltwater and freshwater species Wood * Bass or basswood, the wood of the tilia americana tree Music * Bass (sound), describing low-frequency sound or one of several instruments in th ...

, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976 (thorny lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sheikoi'' ( Dolganov, 1986) (rasp-tooth dogfish) * ''

Etmopterus spinax The velvet belly lanternshark (or simply velvet belly) (''Etmopterus spinax'') is a species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae. One of the most common deepwater sharks in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the velvet belly is found from Ic ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) (velvet-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus splendidus'' Ka. Yano, 1988 (splendid lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus unicolor'' ( Engelhardt, 1912) (bristled lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus viator''

, 2011 (traveller lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus villosus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus virens'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (green lanternshark)

Extinct species

There are at least two extinct species found in ''Etmopterus''. * †'' Etmopterus acutidens'' Casier 1966 * †'' Etmopterus cahuzaci'' Adnet 2006

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2322953 Shark genera Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Ecology

Species

Extinct species

See also

References