''Ethalia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the subfamily
Umboniinae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...
of the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...
, the top snails.
Description
The species are moderate-sized. The orbicular shell is turbinately depressed. The
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s are convex, smooth or transversely striated, the last one rounded at the periphery. They have a mottled or streaked color-pattern. The
umbilicus
Umbilicus may refer to:
*The navel or belly button
*Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy
*Umbilicus (plant), ''Umbilicus'' (plant), a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants
*Umbilicus ...
is partly closed by a callus deposit. The
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...
r
lip
The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...
ends anteriorly in an obtuse dilated callus. The callus emitted at the columellar-parietal angle of the
aperture is tongue-shaped, closing the umbilicus except a rather narrow chink, or even entirely, in some species.
Distribution
This marine genus occurs in the Central and East Indian Ocean, off
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the regi ...
, off Indo-Malaysia, and off
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
.
Species
Species within the genus ''Ethalia'' include:
* ''
Ethalia bellardii''
(Issel, 1869)
* ''
Ethalia bysma''
Herbert, 1992
* ''
Ethalia carneolata''
Melvill, 1897
* ''
Ethalia catharinae''
Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
* ''
Ethalia electra''
Herbert, 1992
* ''
Ethalia gilchristae''
Herbert, 1992
* ''
Ethalia guamensis''
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
* ''
Ethalia minolina''
Melvill, 1897
* ''
Ethalia nitida''
A. Adams, 1863
* ''
Ethalia omphalotropis''
A. Adams, 1863
* ''
Ethalia polita''
A. Adams, 1862
* ''
Ethalia rufula''
Gould, 1861
* ''
Ethalia sanguinea''
Pilsbry, 1905
* ''
Ethalia striolata''
(A. Adams, 1855)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Ethalia (Ethaliella)''
Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''
Ethaliella
''Ethaliella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Ethaliella'' Pilsbry, 1905. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphi ...
''
Pilsbry, 1905
* ''Ethalia candida''
A. Adams, 1862: synonym of ''
Leucorhynchia candida
''Leucorhynchia candida'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Leucorhynchia candida'' (A. Adams, 1862). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...
''
(A. Adams, 1862)
* ''Ethalia capillata''
Gould, 1862: synonym of ''
Ethaliella capillata
''Ethaliella capillata'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Ethaliella capillata (Gould, 1862). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...
''
(Gould, 1862)
* ''Ethalia floccata''
G. B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of ''
Ethaliella floccata
''Ethaliella floccata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Ethaliella floccata'' (Sowerby, 1903). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www. ...
''
(Sowerby, 1903)
* ''Ethalia lirata''
E.A. Smith, 1871: synonym of ''
Leucorhynchia lirata''
(E.A. Smith, 1871)
* ''Ethalia multistriata''
A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''
Solariorbis multistriatus''
(A. E. Verrill, 1884)
* ''Ethalia perspicua''
A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Teinostoma perspicuum''
(A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Ethalia philippii''
(A. Adams, 1855): synonym of ''
Monilea philippii
''Monilea philippii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.WoRMS (2012). ''Monilea philippii'' A. Adams, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...
''
A. Adams, 1855
* ''Ethalia plicata''
E. A. Smith, 1872: synonym of ''
Leucorhynchia plicata''
(E. A. Smith, 1872)
* ''Ethalia pulchella''
(A. Adams, 1855): synonym of ''
Ethaliella pulchella
''Ethaliella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Ethaliella'' Pilsbry, 1905. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphi ...
''
(A. Adams, 1855)
* ''Ethalia sobrina''
A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Lissotesta sobrina''
(A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Ethalia striolata''
Kilburn, 1977: synonym of ''
Ethalia carneolata''
Melvill, 1897
References
* Wilson, B., 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
* Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (1999) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 749 pp.
* Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) ''Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined.'' Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506.
External links
Fischer P. (1873-1879). [continuation of Kiener] Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes. Volume 10, Famille des Turbinacées. Genre Turbo (Turbo), pp. i-iv + 1-128 (1873), pls 1, 28, 44-49, 53-54, 57-120. Volume 11, Genres Troque (Trochus, including Calcar), pp. 1–96, pls 37-86 (1875); 97-144 (1876); 145-240 (1877); 241-336 (1878); 337-423, Xenophora pp. 424–450, Tectarius pp. 451–459, Risella pp. 460–463, Index 464-480 (1879)Adams H. & Adams A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5402840
Trochidae
Gastropod genera