Background
The term “estrus” refers to the phase of the estrous cycle in which a sexually mature, non-pregnant female is receptive to sexual advances from the male³. Ovulation occurs at approximately this time. Estrous synchronisation is the process of targeting female mammals to come to heat within a short time frame (36 to 96 hours). This is achieved through the use of one or more hormones. Methods to improve our ability to synchronize the reproductive process and result in the ‘timed insemination’ without the detection of heat have been developed. These include the “Synch” protocols that involve the application of GnRH and PGF2α in various combinations. These “Synch” protocols may include: Select Synch, OvSynch, CoSynch, and Modified Select Synch The synchronization of the estrous cycle is commonly used in different industries, such as Dairy and Beef cattle. Synchronization allows these industries to improve management and nutrition of the cattle, while also decreasing expenses.Method
Research has been conducted into different ways farmers can perform estrous synchronization such as progesterone injections or a Progesterone Releasing Intra-vaginal DeviceAgricultural applications
Milk is a product of great demand all year round. As a result of this demand, farmers have been given an incentive to produce milk during winter months. In order to achieve this public demand for milk, dairy farmers needed to change their breeding routines. estrous synchronization enabled this change in the herd’s breeding routine to allow dairy farmers to produce milk for human consumption year round. Case studies for the productivity of these incentives on dairy farms have shown to have positive results. Oestrus synchronisation has proven to have many advantages in the dairy and beef industries. The application of estrous synchronisation enables the farmer to reduce costs involved in the hire of AI technicians and semen import. Concentrated calving and uniform weaning saves time and is cheaper than having individual cows in heat throughout the year.Hopkins, F. and Schrick, F. n.d. ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION. -bookpp. 1-2. Available through: http://animalscience.ag.utk.edu/Beef/Publications-Beef.html http://animalscience.ag.utk.edu/beef/pdf/EstrousSynchronization-FMH.pdf ccessed: 28 Oct 2013 However, there are also disadvantages with estrous synchronisation. It requires a high level of management and skills to be able to manage numerous calving operations at a synchronised time. Furthermore, maintaining nutrition and herd health are major factors when it comes to the achieving optimum reproductive performance through estrous synchronisation.Dejarnette, M. 2004. ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION: A REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL. -bookp. 7. Available through: selectsires.com http://www.selectsires.com/resources/fertilitydocs/estrus_syn_reproman.pdf ccessed: 28 Oct 2013References
{{reflist Theriogenology Dairy farming Artificial insemination