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Estanislao Severo Zeballos (27 July 1854 - 4 October 1923) was an
Argentine Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...
lawyer and politician who was Minister of Foreign Affairs of his country three times. He was one of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of his time. He wrote on a broad range of subjects in books and periodicals, including Catholicism, history, ethnography and geography.


Early years

Estanislao Severo Zeballos born in
Rosario, Santa Fe Rosario () is the largest city in the central provinces of Argentina, Argentine province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe. The city, located northwest of Buenos Aires on the west bank of the Paraná River, is the third-most populous city in the ...
, Argentina on 27 July 1854, the eldest son of Lieutenant Colonel Estanislao Zeballos and Felisa Juárez. His father was an aide to General
Juan Pablo López Juan Pablo López (born 10 April 1972) is a Mexican boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, also known as Atlanta 1996 and commo ...
, and was wounded in 1838 when fighting against the Indians. In 1850, with the rank of major, his father became captain of Puerto de Rosario. His father supported the Great Army of
Justo José de Urquiza Justo José de Urquiza y García (; October 18, 1801 – April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician who served as president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860. Life Justo José de Urquiza y García was bor ...
in 1851, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Zeballos senior served as Judge in Rosario in 1853, and was the first to name the streets of the city. Both parents were related to established and influential families of Rosario, which helped in Estanislao's professional, social and political advancement. His mother was from the families of
Ricardo López Jordán Ricardo Ramón López Jordán (1822–1889) was an Argentine soldier and politician, one of the last influential "''caudillos''" (Spanish for "leaders", or military or political strongmen) in the history of Argentina. He thrice rebelled against ...
and Francisco Ramírez. During his youth Zeballos formed important social and political ties with the supporters of Urquiza, especially Martín Ruiz Moreno, Urquiza's lawyer. In his youth, he was accompanying his father near the post of
Arequito, Santa Fe Arequito is a town (''comuna'') in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, southwest from the provincial capital and west of Rosario. It has a population of about 7,000 inhabitants as per the . The town was founded initially as a ways ...
when they were attacked by a raiding party of Ranquel people, but managed to escape at the gallop. He studied at the School of Arts and Crafts in his home town. Due to the mediation of Governor
Nicasio Oroño Nicasio V. Oroño (July 20, 1825 in Coronda, Santa Fe – October 12, 1904 in Santa Fe) was an Argentine politician and lawyer, and governor of Santa Fe between 1865 and 1868. Youth in the military Oroño was born to Unitarian Coronel Santiago ...
, at twelve years old he received a scholarship to continue his initial studies in the National College of
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...
. Between 1870 and 1871 the city was attacked by the scourge of yellow fever. A People's Health Committee was set up, chaired by
José Camilo Paz José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , ...
. Zeballos, then his student, helped him in transferring the bodies of victims. Zeballos contracted the disease but recovered. Zeballos studied at the
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires (, UBA) is a public university, public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the second-oldest university in the country, and the largest university of the country by enrollment. Established in 1821 ...
in the Faculties of Law and Science. He led the student protests of 1871, caused by the suicide of the student Roberto Sánchez, who had unjustly been failed in an exam. The protest led to major changes in the university's academic structure. He was one of the founders of the "Revolutionary Junta for University Reform" along with Pedro Narciso Arata,
Francisco Ramos Mejía Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Meaning of the name Francisco In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Commu ...
,
José María Ramos Mejía José María Ramos Mejía (1849–1914) was an Argentine politician and historian. Biography He was born in Buenos Aires in 1849, son of colonel Matías Ramos Mejía and Francisca Madero. He made studies of medicine, promoting changes to the aca ...
,
Lucio Vicente López Lucio is an Italian language, Italian and Spanish language, Spanish male given name derived from the Latin name ''Lucius''. In Portuguese language, Portuguese, the given name is accented Lúcio. Lucio is also an Italian surname. Given name * L ...
, Juan Carlos Belgrano,
José María Cantilo José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , ...
, Francisco B. Pico and others. Zeballos was elected Secretary of the Board, of which Belgrano was president. Zeballos graduated in law in 1874 and at once began to practice as a professor at the National College. The same year, José Camilo Paz hired him as a reporter for the newspaper ''
La Prensa La Prensa may refer to: Argentina * ''La Prensa'' (Buenos Aires) Bolivia * ''La Prensa'' (La Paz), a newspaper in Bolivia Chile * ''La Prensa'' (Curicó) Cuba * ''Prensa Latina'', the official state news agency of Cuba Ecuador * ''La Pren ...
'', to which he would be linked throughout his life, becoming its editor in chief and director. When on 24 September 1874 José C. Paz closed down ''La Prensa'' to join the revolution of 1874, Zeballos joined him and was secretary of the campaign of
Bartolomé Mitre Bartolomé Mitre (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, soldier and author. He was President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868 and the first president of Argentine Civil Wars#National unification, unified Argentina. Mitre i ...
. The revolution was defeated at the
Battle of La Verde A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force c ...
, and he spent some time in prison.


Science and literature

Pursuing his studies, in 1872 he participated in founding the "Society of Scientific Stimulus", which was soon converted to the "Scientific Society of Argentina". He edited its review ''Anales'' and was one of its most active members. To make ends meet while in Buenos Aires, for a time he was the writer for the German naturalist
Germán Burmeister Germán () is a male given name in Spanish speaking countries. It is a cognate to French Germain, and is a variant of Latin Germanus. Surname * Domingo Germán (born 1992), baseball player * Esteban Germán (born 1978), Dominican professiona ...
, Director of the Public Museum. In 1875, he presented to the Scientific Society of Argentina the project of forming the Museum of Natural Sciences. A year before he had been excavated in the banks of the
Parana river Paraná, Paranã or Parana may refer to: Geology *Paraná Basin, a sedimentary basin in South America Places In Argentina *Paraná, Entre Ríos, a city * Paraná Department, a part of Entre Ríos Province In Brazil *Paraná (state), a state ...
, finding the remains of a giant sloth. Two years later he published in collaboration with the engineer Pedro Pico a report on the pre-Hispanic mound of
Campana, Buenos Aires Campana is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the seat of the Campana Partido. It is located about from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, on the right-hand margin of the Paraná River. Its population is 94,333 inhabitant ...
, which started the systematization of archaeological research in the country. He supported the expedition of
Francisco Pascasio Moreno Francisco Pascasio Moreno (May 31, 1852 – November 22, 1919) was a prominent explorer and academic in Argentina, where he is usually referred to as ''Perito'' Moreno (''perito'' means "specialist, expert"). Perito Moreno has been credited as on ...
to explore the basins of the Rio Negro and Río Limay. Years later he collected the information obtained, proposing the transfer of the southern border to the Río Negro in his book ''The Conquest of fifteen thousand leagues'', published in 1878. He wrote the book in a few weeks, at the request of General
Julio Argentino Roca Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an Argentine army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904. Roca is the most important representative of the ...
, to convince members of Congress to fund the
Conquest of the Desert The Conquest of the Desert () was an Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, Argentine military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca during the 1870s and 1880s with the intention of establishing dominance over Patagonia, inh ...
which was already being started by the then minister of war. In ''La Conquista de quince mil leguas'' indigenous
Mapuche The Mapuche ( , ) also known as Araucanians are a group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging e ...
were presented as Chileans who were bound to return to Chile. Mapuches were thus indirectly considered foreign enemies. Such notion fitted well with the expansionist designs of
Nicolás Avellaneda Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (3 October 1837 – 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education ...
and
Julio Argentino Roca Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an Argentine army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904. Roca is the most important representative of the ...
for
Puelmapu Puelmapu is the traditional Mapuche territory located east of the Andes. It covers much of Patagonia and the Pampas. Since the Conquest of the Desert (1878–1885) Puelmapu is part of Argentina. It is a theater of the Mapuche conflict The M ...
, the Mapuche homeland in the Pampas and northern Patagonia. The notion of Mapuches as Chileans is however an anachronism as Mapuches precede the formation of the modern state of Chile. In 1879 he founded the "Argentine Geographic Institute", of which he was the first president. He managed to obtain a subsidy to
Florentino Ameghino Florentino Ameghino (born Giovanni Battista Fiorino Giuseppe Ameghino; September 19, 1853 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especial ...
to publish his studies of fossil mammals. After the Roca campaign, in late 1879 he made a long journey to the north of Patagonia and recorded his observations ''Viaje al país de los araucanos'' (Journey to the country of the Araucanians), published in 1881. This was the first volume of a trilogy, followed by ''La Región del Trigo'' (The Region of Wheat) (1883) and ''A través de las cabañas'' (1888). He then wrote a fictionalized chronicles of the chieftains
Calfucurá Calfucurá (from Mapudungun Kallfükura, 'blue stone'; from kallfü, 'blue', and kura, 'stone') also known as Juan Calfucurá or Cufulcurá (b. late 1770s; d. 1873), was a leading Mapuche lonco and military figure in Patagonia in the 19th century ...
and Painé, and a nonexistent Huiliche chieftain, Relmú.


National deputy

That same year Zeballos was elected provincial deputy in a list that included
Bernardo de Irigoyen Bernardo de Irigoyen (December 18, 1822 – December 27, 1906) was an Argentine lawyer, diplomat and politician. Biography Born in Buenos Aires, Irigoyen enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires and earned a ''juris doctor'' in 1843. He was ...
,
Miguel Cané Miguel Cané (27 January 1851 – 5 September 1905) was an Argentine writer, lawyer, academic, journalist and politician. Cané was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, where his family was exiled. He moved to Argentina at the age of two following the ...
,
Lucio Vicente López Lucio is an Italian language, Italian and Spanish language, Spanish male given name derived from the Latin name ''Lucius''. In Portuguese language, Portuguese, the given name is accented Lúcio. Lucio is also an Italian surname. Given name * L ...
, Miguel Goyena, Nicolás Calvo,
Delfín Gallo Delfín Gallo (November 25, 1845 – December 8, 1889) was an Argentine politician and journalist. He was born in San Miguel de Tucumán to a family with connections to the Tucumán oligarchy, and studied under Amédée Jacques at the Colegio S ...
,
Luis Sáenz Peña Luis Sáenz-Peña (2 April 1822 – 4 December 1907) was a lawyer and President of Argentina. He was the father of president Roque Sáenz Peña. Biography Luis Saenz-Peña was born on 2 April 1822 to Roque Julián Sáenz-Peña and María Lu ...
, José C. Paz, Antonino Cambaceres and
Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union who served as President of Argentina from 1916 to 1922 and again from 1928 until his overthrow in ...
. The next year he was elected national deputy, and during the revolution of 1880 he supported the administration of President
Nicolás Avellaneda Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (3 October 1837 – 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education ...
. He supported General Eduardo Racedo in the battle of Puente Alsina on 20 and 21 June. During his first term as national deputy Zeballos was the author of numerous initiatives: reform of the Code of Commerce and the law for establishing agricultural colonies, wines, railways, building the Federal University of Rosario, Civil Marriage and many others. At the end of his first term as national deputy, at the age of 30, he ran for governor of Santa Fe. First he founded the Constitution Party, which nominated his candidacy in 1885, the year before the elections of 1886, during the government of
Manuel María Zavalla Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name), a given name and surname * Manuel (''Fawlty Towers''), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manuel I of Portugal, king of Po ...
. A committee supporting his candidacy traveled to Buenos Aires to meet with President Roca. Roca refused to give him support because at the national level Zeballos supported
Bernardo de Irigoyen Bernardo de Irigoyen (December 18, 1822 – December 27, 1906) was an Argentine lawyer, diplomat and politician. Biography Born in Buenos Aires, Irigoyen enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires and earned a ''juris doctor'' in 1843. He was ...
against Roca's candidate for president,
Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman --> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael. It may refer to: Places * Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands * São Miguel (disam ...
, who was elected. However, Zeballos was elected national deputy that year, 1886.


Minister of Foreign Affairs

In 1889, when Zeballos was Speaker of the House of Representatives, he was appointed Foreign Minister by President Juárez Celman. Given the risk that the country was facing from boundary disputes with
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
, the new minister formed a special committee to acquire modern weapons in Europe. It was headed by José C. Paz, then Minister to France, and one of its members later was General
Pablo Ricchieri Pablo Riccheri (August 8, 1859 – July 29, 1936) was an Argentine army officer and minister of war during the second administration of president Julio Roca. Life and times Riccheri was born in San Lorenzo, Santa Fe to Catalina Ciufardi and Lazz ...
, who left a chronicle of his mission in Europe. Zeballos resigned along with most of the Cabinet in April 1890 at the beginning of the crisis would lead to the
Revolution of the Park The Revolution of the Park (''Revolución del Parque''), also known as the Revolution of '90, was an uprising against the national government of Argentina that took place on July 26, 1890, and started with the takeover of the Buenos Aires Artill ...
later that year. Zeballos was Foreign Minister again between October 1891 and October 1892, during the presidency of
Carlos Pellegrini Carlos Enrique José Pellegrini Bevans (October 11, 1846 – July 17, 1906) was Vice President of Argentina and became President of Argentina from August 6, 1890 to October 12, 1892, upon Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman's resignation (see R ...
, during which he rejected the claim from Britain for compensation for British nationals who had suffered damages during the revolution of 1890. He also faced claims from France over the expulsion of a ship of that flag from Argentine territorial waters. As a result, he signed a trade and navigation agreement with that country in 1892. He presented several differences in interpretation of the boundary treaty of 1881 to the Chilean government. He also performed decisively in the so-called Baltimore Incident, intervening in favor of the United States and against the Chilean government that succeeded the ousted President
José Manuel Balmaceda José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández (; July 19, 1840 – September 19, 1891) served as the 10th President of Chile from September 18, 1886, to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile. While h ...
. The following year he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
, but was diverted to the United States, where he met with President
Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first U.S. president to serve nonconsecutive terms and the first Hist ...
for settlement of the boundary dispute with Brazil in
Misiones Province Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the Provinces of Argentina, 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia, Argentina, Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil ...
. He left politics for several years, devoting himself to practice as a private attorney and a professor at the
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires (, UBA) is a public university, public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the second-oldest university in the country, and the largest university of the country by enrollment. Established in 1821 ...
. In 1901 he became a member of the Board of History and Numismatics, now the
National Academy of History of Argentina The National Academy of History of the Argentine Republic () is a non-profit learned society established to foster the study and dissemination of Argentine history. Overview Founded in 1893 by Ernesto Quesada, José Toribio Medina, and former Pr ...
.


New ministry

By 1905 Zeballos was again involved in diplomatic affairs after publishing an article entitled "The incident of the border with Chile and the Nueva and Picton Islands", referring to the sovereignty dispute over the
Beagle Channel Beagle Channel (; Yahgan language, Yahgan: ''Onašaga'') is a strait in the Tierra del Fuego, Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina. The channel separates the larger main island of I ...
. In November 1906 he was appointed Foreign Minister by President
José Figueroa Alcorta José María Cornelio Figueroa Alcorta (November 20, 1860 – December 27, 1931) was an Argentine lawyer and politician, who managed to be the only person to head the three powers of the State: Vice President of the Nation (President of t ...
. During his tenure he was devoted to countering the war propaganda of Brazil and trying to acquire weapons, especially warships, to prevent the outbreak war with that country. He was accused of being in favor of armament. In Brazil, Zeballos is generally thought to have planned an attack on that country in case of war, including the military occupation of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
. He was also accused of having forged a document by
José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, Baron of Rio Branco (in Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Barão do Rio Branco'') (20 April 1845 – 10 February 1912) was a Brazilian Brazilian nobility, nobleman, diplomat, geographer, historian, politic ...
, a prominent Brazilian diplomat. His position of actively defending the boundaries of his country, a change from the negligent attitude of his predecessors, was interpreted by Chile and Brazil as generating conflicts over boundaries that did not exist before. In 1908 he temporarily assumed the ministries of Justice and Public Instruction, but a cabinet crisis forced him to resign from both positions in June 1908. He then began a tour across the country to present to various audiences his views on Argentina's foreign policy, which lasted until the following year. His collected speeches and articles appeared in the ''Journal of Law, History and Literature'' between 1908 and 1910 in a work entitled "Diplomacy Disarmed", in which he defended the balance of military forces as a basis for peace and the guarantee of equitable justice in disputes. Regarding the search for peace at any cost, he said: At that time he also advocated:


National deputy again

He became a national deputy again from 1912 to 1916, and during this period he gave his most notable parliamentary performances. During questioning of former Foreign Minister Luis María Drago and the current Foreign Minister
José Luis Murature José Luis Murature (27 January 1876 – 15 September 1929) was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, professor and foreign minister of Argentina from 1914 to 1916. Born in Buenos Aires, the son of José P. Murature and Dolores Legarrete, he was educ ...
, whom he had opposed as a journalist, he finally persuaded the latter to accept his position. During a debate on rediscount of bank portfolios, in July 1914, he said: His parliamentary speech defending the rights of Argentines after the capture of the steamer "President Mitre" by Great Britain in 1915, was incorporated into the Daily Record of the House of Representatives of the United States, for its collection of legal doctrine on Public International Law. Other projects that had significant impact were related to agriculture, irrigation, sanitary conveniences, meat trade, road construction and growth of shipping under the national flag.


Last years

In 1918 he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires, where he was Professor of International Private Law for 24 years. He systematized what he called the "Argentine Theory of Private Human Law", which was adopted by the International Law Association in 1922. One of the original principles was the introduction of the extraterritoriality of the home in private affairs, a policy that would have the serious consequence of giving foreign companies impunity in Latin America. He presented his theory in a voluminous book written in 5 volumes in French, "La Nationalité au point de vue de la législation comparée et du Droit Privé humain". At the age of 69 he traveled to the United States, invited by Harvard University to participate in a series of lectures that he gave in English. They were published posthumously in 1927. From the United States he traveled to England and died in Liverpool on 4 October 1923. His remains lie in the cemetery of La Recoleta.


Works

He was a prolific writer, publishing books, articles, lectures, biographies and bibliographical notes, amounting to over 400 titles. Some of them are: * ''La conquista de 15.000 leguas'' (1878) * ''Episodios en los territorios del sur'' (1879) * ''Viaje al país de los araucanos'' (1881) * ''Descripción amena de la República Argentina'' (1881) * ''El Avance de la Frontera a los Andes'' (1883) * ''Callvucurá y la dinastía de los piedra'' (1884) * ''Painé y la dinastía de los zorros'' (1886) * ''Relmú, reina de los pinares'' (1888) * ''Los porteños'' * ''Los provincianos'' * ''Semblanza del ingeniero Carlos Pellegrini'' * ''Arbitration upon a part of the National Territory of Misiones, disputed by the United States of Brazil. Argentine evidence laid before the President of the United States of America by Estanislao S. Zeballos, envoy extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Argentine Republic.'' (1893, S. Figueroa Printer, New York) * ''Colección de papeles sobre el general San Martín'' (1898) * ''El Escudo y los Colores nacionales'' (1900) * ''Fracaso de la instrucción primaria'' (1908) * ''El crédito y el régimen hipotecario de la República Argentina y en el Nuevo Mundo'' (en francés, 1909) * ''La Nationalité au point de vue de la législation comparée et du Droit Privé humain'', 5 Vols., París, Sirey. (1914-1919). He also wrote several biographies that have more literary than historical value, including those of Barón del Río Branco,
Bartolomé Mitre Bartolomé Mitre (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, soldier and author. He was President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868 and the first president of Argentine Civil Wars#National unification, unified Argentina. Mitre i ...
,
Julio Argentino Roca Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an Argentine army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904. Roca is the most important representative of the ...
,
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (15 February 1811 – 11 September 1888) was President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the '' Generation of 1837'', who had a great influence on 19th-century Argent ...
,
Martín Miguel de Güemes Martín Miguel de Güemes (8 February 1785 – 17 June 1821) was a military leader and popular caudillo who defended northwestern Argentina from the Spanish royalist army during the Argentine War of Independence. Biography Güemes was born in ...
and Emilio Mitre, his friend since childhood. Among his numerous unpublished works are the manuscripts of an incomplete history of the War with Paraguay, drawing on official documents and on personal contributions from General Mitre, whom he met weekly for years.


Notes and references

Citations Sources * * * * * * * * * * * Further reading *Etchepareborda, Roberto, "Homenaje a Estanislao Zeballos en el cincuentenario de su muerte. Su trayectoria vital y su labor historiográfica", en ''Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia'', Buenos Aires, 1973 *Etchepareborda, Roberto, "Zeballos y la política exterior argentina", Editorial Pleamar, Buenos Aires, 1982. *Parker, William Belmont, "Estanislao Zeballos"
Argentines of to-day
en ''Hispanic Notes & Monographs'', tomo V, The Hispanic Society Of America, Nueva York, 1920 *Preuss, Ori, "Transnational South America", Routledge: New York, 2016. *Santiago Sanz, Luis, "Zeballos : el Tratado de 1881, Guerra del Pacífico : un discurso académico y seis estudios de historia diplomática", Editorial Pleamar, Buenos Aires, 1985. *Sandra Fernández y Fernando Navarro, compiladores, "Scribere est agere. Estanislao Zeballos en la vorágine de la modernidad argentina", La Quinta Pata & Camino editores, Rosario, Argentina, 2011. *Celada Domínguez, Gregoria y Giacalone, Rita
"Revista de Derecho, Historia Y Letras, (1898 - 1923), Estudio e Indice General"
Universidad del Salvador, Facultad de Filosofía, Historia y Letras, IUSHISTORIA, Nº 4 - Octubre de 2007, ISSN 1851-3522, Buenos Aires. External links * Perfil de Estanislao Zeballos escrito y publicado en 1886, en el periódico "El Nacional" de Buenos Aires.
The Internet archive
contiene varias obras importantes de Zeballos en formato facsimilar.


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zeballos, Estanislao 1854 births 1923 deaths Politicians from Rosario, Santa Fe 19th-century Argentine lawyers Presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Santa Fe Argentine writers in French English-language writers from Argentina Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery Foreign ministers of Argentina University of Buenos Aires alumni Academic staff of the University of Buenos Aires Ambassadors of Argentina to the United States