Espírito Santo do Turvo is a municipality in the

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

ian state of

São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...

. The population in 2020 was 4,878 and the area is . The elevation is .

History

The donation of a tract of land for the construction of a church is the landmark in the history of this city. On 23 March 1878, after significant growth Espírito Santo do Turvo () received the title of

Freguesia (), usually translated as "parish" or "civil parish", is the third-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution. It is also the designation for local government jurisdictions in the former Portuguese over ...

, a secondary

local administrative unit Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or NUTS () is a geocode standardization, standard for referencing the administrative divisions of country, countries for statistical purposes. The standard, adopted in 2003, is developed and reg ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, by Law No. 08, and was marked as a Religious Heritage Site. Seven years later, in March 1885, the Law No. 20 raised it to the level of

Town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

Government

* Mayor: João Adirson Pacheco (2009–2012)

Geography

Espírito Santo do Turvo is located in the southern-

subtropic The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones immediately to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 3 ...

al part of Brazil, at 22 degrees, 41 minutes, 31 second south, and 49 degrees, 25 minutes, 48 seconds west, at an altitude of , in the internal part of the

State of São Paulo State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

. It covers an area of . ;Rivers * Turvo River * Pardo River

Demography

Its population in 2020 was 4,878 inhabitants. ;2000 Census figures Total population: 3,677 * Urban: 3,241 * Rural: 436 * Men: 1,900 * Women: 1,777 Density (inhabitants/km²): 19.22

Infant mortality Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age ...

up to 1 year old (per thousand): 16.70

Life expectancy Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age. The most commonly used measure is ''life expectancy at birth'' (LEB, or in demographic notation ''e''0, where '' ...

(years): 70.78

Fertility rate The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were t ...

(children per woman): 2.63

Literacy rate Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was ...

: 87.69%

Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, Education Index, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income i ...

(HDI): 0.755 * Income: 0.666 * Longevity: 0.763 * Education: 0,835

Economy

Its

economy An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

is based on

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

with large production of

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large ...

s and

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

. Espírito Santo do Turvo is an important junction to the south,

Mato Grosso Mato Grosso ( – ) is one of the states of Brazil, the List of Brazilian states by area, third largest by area, located in the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible ...

, and other regions.

Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

References

External links

* (in Portuguese)
Associação Paulista de Municípios

/nowiki>Paulista Association of Municipalities">Associação Paulista de Municípios [Paulista Association of Municipalities
/nowiki>(in Portuguese)
Censo 2010
at IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. IBGE performs a decennial national cen ...

*wikisource:pt:Hino do município de Espírito Santo do Turvo">Hino do município de Espírito Santo do Turvo [Anthem of Espírito Santo do Turvo Municipality/nowiki> (in Portuguese) at

Wikisource Wikisource is an online wiki-based digital library of free-content source text, textual sources operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikisource is the name of the project as a whole; it is also the name for each instance of that project, one f ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Espirito Santo Do Turvo Municipalities in São Paulo (state) 1878 establishments in Brazil