Escadrille 12

''Escadrille 12'' of the French Air Force was formed in 1912 and known for introducing Nieuport aircraft to the World War I air combat.

History

Escadrille 12 was equipped initially with ''Nieuport IV.M'' two-seat monoplanes aircraft; hence its original designation as ''Escadrille N 12''. It took the Nieuports into World War I, but was then re-equipped with ''Morane-Saulnier L'' monoplanes on 28 February 1915. In accordance with French custom, it was renamed ''Escadrille MS 12''. By this time, the unit was assigned to V Armee of the French ground forces.Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 89.

In September 1915, the ''escadrille'' re-equipped once again, with ''Nieuport 11'' single seat fighters, and it once again became ''Escadrille N 12''. In subsequent months, it would also acquire ''Nieuport 12'' two seat fighters, ''Nieuport 16s'', and ''Nieuport 17s''.

On 8 July 1916, it was cited in orders. It moved to a new assignment with II Armee on 5 October 1916. On 1 November 1916, it was one of four ''escadrilles'' consolidated into ''Groupe de Combat 11'', the other Nieuport ''escadrilles'' being '' Escadrilles N31'', ''N48'', and ''N57''.

As a component of ''GC 11'', the ''escadrille'' was reassigned to V Armee in April 1917. In July, ''GC 11'' moved to 1er Armee in Flanders. On 16 September 1917, it was transferred to VI Armee. In December, it upgraded to '' SPADs'' and thus became ''Escadrille Spa12''.

''Groupe de Combat 11'' joined ''Groupe de Combat 13'' and ''Groupe de Combat 17'' to form ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' on 27 February 1918. In turn, ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' was subsumed into the ''1er Division Aerienne'' on 14 May 1918. On 16 May 1918, ''Escadrille Spa 12'' was cited by General Philippe Pétain for its prowess in destroying 34 enemy aircraft and two observation balloons. On 28 May 1918, ''GC II'' was detached from ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' and assigned to support VI Armee and V Armee. On 23 September 1918, ''GC 11'' was moved to IV Armee. They made their final move on 6 November, to VIII Armee. When the war ended five days later, ''Escadrille Spa12'' had been credited with victories over 43 enemy aircraft and seven observation balloons.

The heritage of the ''Escadrille 12'' continues in the present day French air force.

Commanding officers

* ''Escadrille N12, MS12, N12'':
** Capitaine Aubry
** Capitaine Raymond de Pierre de Bernis: 12 May 191511 January 1918
** Lieutenant Armand de Turenne: 12 January 1918end of war
* ''Groupe de Combat 11''
** Commandant Auguste le Reverend: 1 November 191624 January 1917
** Capitaine Edouard Duseigneur: 25 January 191719 June 1918
** Capitaine Marcel Bonnefay: 20 June 1918
* ''Escadre de Combat No. 2''
** ''Chef de Bataillon'' Philippe Fequant: 27 February 1918
* ''1er Division Aerienne''
** General Duval

Notable personnel

* Armand de Turenne
* Henri Languedoc
* Pierre Dufaur de Gavardie
* Joseph M. X. de Sévin

Aircraft

* '' Nieuport VI.M''
* ''Nieuport 10''
* ''Morane-Saulnier L'': 28 February 1915
* ''Nieuport 11'': September 1915
* ''Nieuport 12''
* ''Nieuport 16''
* ''Nieuport 17''
* '' SPAD'': December 1917

Endnotes

References

* Franks, Norman; Frank W. Bailey. ''Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918'' Grub Street, 1992. , .

Further reading

* Bailey, Frank W., and Christophe Cony. ''French Air Service War Chronology, 1914-1918: Day-to-Day Claims and Losses by French Fighter, Bomber and Two-Seat Pilots on the Western Front''. London: Grub Street, 2001.
* Davilla, James J., and Arthur M. Soltan. ''French Aircraft of the First World War''. Stratford, CT: Flying Machines Press, 1997.
* ''Les escadrilles de l'aéronautique militaire française: symbolique et histoire, 1912-1920''. Vincennes: Service historique de l'armée de l'air, 2004.

External links

Escadrille N 12 - MS 12 - N12 - SPA 12

Military units and formations established in 1912
Squadrons of the French Service Aéronautique in World War I
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