The Erynnini are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

in the

skipper butterfly Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea; however, the most recent taxonomy ...

subfamily Pyrginae. They are a moderately diverse but quite

plesiomorphic In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, an ...

and inconspicuous group, and except for the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical regi ...

species of the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nomina ...

Erynnis ''Erynnis'' is a genus in the skippers butterfly family Hesperiidae, known as the duskywings. ''Erynnis'' is found in the Neotropical realm and across the Palearctic, but the highest species diversity is in the Nearctic. The genus was erected by ...

'' occur only in the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

.Brower (2009) Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, they were included in the

Pyrgini The Pyrgini are a tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, the Pyrgini contained the largest number of genera among these. But this overly wide delimitation has since turned ...

, which at that time contained a massive number of

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

. But the Pyrginae have since been reorganized to make them and their tribes

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

, leading most modern authors to treat the Erynnini as distinct tribe. However, the old circumscription of the Pyrgini was by and large just as correct from a

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

perspective. The tribe of the Pyrgini ''

sensu ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

lato'' most closely related to the Pyrgini ''sensu stricto'' are the strikingly different

Achlyodidini The Achlyodidini (sometimes – but apparently in errorWahlberg ''fide'' Savela (2008) – spelled Achylodidini) are a tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. Many species of them are notable for their (by skipper butterfly s ...

. As many consider it desirable to treat this lineage as a distinct tribe, the Erynnini naturally need to be considered distinct too.

Genera

The

are listed here in the presumed

sequence: ;Subtribe Clitina ;Subtribe Erynnina * ''

Anastrus ''Anastrus'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Anastrus'': * ''Anastrus luctuosus'' * ''Anastrus meliboea'' * ''Anastrus neaeris'' * ''Anastrus obscurus'' * ''Anastru ...

'' * ''

Chiomara Chiomara (2nd-century BC) was a Galatians (people), Galatian noblewoman and the wife of Orgiagon, chieftain of the Tectosagi, one of three Galatian tribes during the Galatian War with Rome, of 189 BC. During this war Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consu ...

'' * ''

Sostrata ''Sostrata'' is a genus of skipper (butterfly), skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species Recognised species in the genus ''Sostrata'' include: * ''Sostrata bifasciata'' (Ménétriés, 1829) * ''Sostrata nordica'' Evans,

953 Year 953 (Roman numerals, CMLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Battle of Marash (953), Battle of Marash: Emir Sayf al-Dawla mar ...

* ''Sostrata pu ...

'' * ''

Potamanaxas ''Potamanaxas'' is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae. Species *'' Potamanaxas andraemon'' (Mabille, 1898) *'' Potamanaxas bana'' Bell, 1956 *'' Potamanaxas effusa'' (Draudt, 1922) *'' Potamanaxas flavofasciata'' (Hewitson, ...

'' * ''

Gorgythion In Greek mythology, Gorgythion (Ancient Greek: Γοργυθίων, gen.: Γοργυθίωνος) was one of the sons of King Priam of Troy at the time of the Trojan War and appears as a minor character in Homer's ''Iliad''. His mother was Casti ...

'' * '' Anaxas'' * '' Chiothion'' * '' Crenda'' * ''

Echelatus ''Echelatus'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a sep ...

'' * '' Festivia'' * '' Hoodus'' * '' Tolius'' ;Unplaced taxa * '' Grais'' – hermit skipper * ''

'' – duskywings * ''

Gesta Gesta may refer to: Titles of works Gesta is the Latin word for "deeds" or "acts", and Latin titles, especially of medieval chronicles, frequently begin with the word, which thus is also a generic term for medieval biographies: *Gesta Adalberonis ...

'' * ''

Mylon ''Mylon'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species *'' Mylon lassia'' (Hewitson, 1868) *''Mylon illineatus'' Mabille & Boullet, 1917 *''Mylon orsa'' Evans, 1953 *''Mylon mestor'' Evans, 1953 *''Mylon ander'' Evans, 1953 *''Mylo ...

'' * ''

Ebrietas ''Ebrietas'' is a genus of skipper (butterfly), skippers in the family Hesperiidae found in the Neotropical ecoczone. Species Listed alphabetically.Glassberg, J. (2007). ''A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America.'' Sunst ...

'' * ''

Timochares ''Timochares'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species *''Timochares runia'' Evans, 1953 *''Timochares ruptifasciatus'' (Plötz, 1884) *''Timochares trifasciata ''Timochares trifasciata'', the many-banded skipper, is a butt ...

'' * ''

Cycloglypha ''Cycloglypha'' is a genus of skipper (butterfly), skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species Recognised species in the genus ''Cycloglypha'' are: * ''Cycloglypha thrasibulus'' (Fabricius, 1793) * ''Cycloglypha tisias'' (Godman & Salvin, 1896) ...

'' * '' Ephyriades'' Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, B ...

/small> * ''

Tosta ''Tosta'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae Skippers are a family of the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) named the Hesperiidae. Being diurnal, they are generally called butterflies. They were previously placed in a separat ...

'' * '' Theagenes'' * '' Helias'' * '' Camptopleura''

Footnotes

References

* (2009):

Tree of Life Web Project The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site ...

&ndash
Erynnini
Version of 2009-JUN-14. Retrieved 2009-DEC-26. * Taxa named by Charles Thomas Brues Butterfly tribes {{Pyrginae-stub