Erwin Max Friedlander (May 29, 1925 – January 22, 2004) was a noted American expert in high-energy nuclear physics at

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and a

member Member may refer to: * Military jury, referred to as "Members" in military jargon * Element (mathematics), an object that belongs to a mathematical set * In object-oriented programming, a member of a class ** Field (computer science), entries in ...

of the

Romanian Academy of Sciences The Romanian Academy of Sciences was an institution established in Romania by a group of 26 scientists, dissatisfied with the imperfect organization of the Scientific Section of the Romanian Academy, which was left in the background, with only 12 ...

Biography

A pioneer in the use of nuclear emulsions for cosmic ray and accelerator research, Friedlander founded and headed the Cosmic Rays Laboratory at the Institute for Atomic Physics in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...

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, before emigrating to the United States in 1975. He authored more than 250 scientific publications, was a professor at

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, and the University of Marburg in

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, and conducted research at

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, the

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, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in

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. He was the recipient of a

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in 1986. Friedlander's research focused on multiparticle production dynamics. His Cosmic Ray Laboratory in Romania was among the first to discover multiplicity scaling laws in proton-nucleus reactions. During his years at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Friedlander was engaged in the experimental study of the interactions of relativistic heavy ion nuclei and their secondary products. He played a leading role in many international collaborations, including the initiation of a collaboration using relativistic heavy ion beams at the

Bevatron The Bevatron was a particle accelerator — specifically, a Weak focusing, weak-focusing proton synchrotron — located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S., which began operations in 1954. The antiproton was discovered there in ...

. Friedlander was the youngest person ever elected to the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its bylaws, the academy's ma ...

, an honor withdrawn by the country's Communist regime after he defected to the West in 1975. In 2003 the Romanian Academy of Sciences awarded him an honorary membership in recognition of his lifelong contributions to physics. In 1978 Friedlander became actively involved in the worldwide

human rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...

movement known as SOS — Scientists for Sakharov, Orlov and Sharansky. Friedlander was also an accomplished pianist and organist and was fluent in seven languages. He died on January 22, 2004, in

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, after a long struggle with heart disease.

Publications

* Friedlander, E.M.
"Biases in Signals for Intermittency Detected in High Energy Collisions"
Modern Physics Letters, May 19, 1989 * Friedlander, E.M.
"Evidence from Very Large Transverse Momenta of a Change with Temperature of Velocity of Sound in Hadronic Matter"
Physical Review Letters, July 2, 1979 * Friedlander, E.M.
"How fast does the multiplicity of particle production in p-p collisions really increase with primary energy?"
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information * Friedlander, E.M. with Heckman, Harry H.
"Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Experiment"
(PDF), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information * Friedlander, E.M
"Small, large, and very large transverse momenta in a unified hydrodynamical description
Open Library * Friedlander, E.M., Cincheza, Iuliana M., Haseganu, Dumitru Gh.
"Identification of heavy ions in AgCl monocrystals by means of multiple coulomb scattering"
Nuclear Instruments and Methods, June 1974

References

External links

Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences

, Berkeley Lab Currents, February 6, 2004 {{DEFAULTSORT:Friedlander, Erwin 1925 births 2004 deaths 20th-century American physicists People associated with CERN Cornell University faculty American experimental physicists American particle physicists Romanian emigrants to the United States Romanian scientists University of California, Berkeley staff Academic staff of the University of Marburg University of Pennsylvania faculty