Eriocapitella Hupehensis

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'', a species of flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae family of plants and has an extensive native distribution across a large area of Asia. The plant was previously known as ''Anemone hupehensis'' and is often still referred to as such. Together with several closely related species and hybrids between these species, in horticulture these plants are often referred to as Japanese anemones.

The specific epithet ''hupehensis'', which means "from Hupeh (Hupei, Hubei) province, China", refers to a region where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎ pò wǎn huā huā (打破碗花花), which means "broken bowl flower".

Description

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'' is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome-like root structure. It is a clump-forming plant with 3–5 basal leaves, each with a petiole long. The leaf blades are ternate with a central leaflet long and wide. The lateral leaflets are similar to but smaller than the central leaflet. The stem is long, occasionally up to long. A whorl of 3 leaves (technically bracts) wraps around the stem. The stem leaves are similar in appearance to the basal leaves but somewhat smaller. The inflorescence is a cyme with 2 or 3 branches and a primary flower stalk long. Each flower is approximately across. In its native habitat, the flower usually has 5 sepals (no petals) but cultivated plants have double flowers with around 20 sepals. The sepals may be purple, purple-red, pink or white. In the center of the flower, there are more than 100 pistils each 1.5 mm long, surrounded by prominent yellow stamens approximately long. The fruits are small ovoid achenes with straight styles.

Taxonomy

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'' was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018. Like other members of genus ''Eriocapitella'', ''E. hupehensis'' was formerly a member of genus ''Anemone''. The basionym ''Anemone japonica'' var. ''hupehensis'' Lemoine was described in 1908.

Distribution

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'' is native to Asia, in the Eastern Himalaya region, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

* Eastern Himalaya: Nepal, Assam (northeast India), Tibet
* East and Southeast Asia: China, Taiwan, Myanmar
** Northwest China: Shaanxi
** Central China: Hubei
** East China: Jiangxi, Zhejiang
** South China: Guangdong, Guangxi
** Southwest China: Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan

The species was introduced into Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, and Germany.

Ecology

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'' along with four other taxa ( ''E.'' × ''hybrida'', ''E. japonica'', ''E. tomentosa'', and ''E.  vitifolia'') are known as fall-blooming anemones. In its native habitat, ''E. hupehensis'' flowers from July to October.

Cultivation

''Eriocapitella hupehensis'' and its cultivars are cultivated worldwide, especially in Asia, Europe, and South America, where naturalized populations are known to exist. In China, ''E. hupehensis'' has been cultivated since at least the 17th century, probably dating back to the Tang dynasty (618–907). Hundreds of years ago, a semi-double form of ''E. hupehensis'' escaped cultivation and spread across China to Japan and Korea. This descendant of ''E. hupehensis'', now known as ''E. japonica'', is a parent of the artificial hybrid ''E.'' × ''hybrida''.

At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included three cultivars of ''E. hupehensis'':

, the following cultivars have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society:

* ''E. hupehensis'' 'Bowles's Pink'
* ''E. hupehensis'' 'Hadspen Abundance'

Gallery

Anemone hybrida, seeds 3.jpg, Seeds
Anémone Japon&fruits 2014.jpg, Flower and unripe seedheads in a private garden
WitteHeinrichFlora1868-007-Anemone hupehensis.png, ''Anemone hupehensis'' by A.J. Wendel, 1868
File:Japanese Anemones - Henri Fantin-Latour - ABDAG002274.jpg, Henri Fantin-Latour, Japanese Anemones, 1884

See also

* '' Eriocapitella japonica''
* ''Eriocapitella'' × ''hybrida''

References

Bibliography

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External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q89116313, from2=Q1237805

hupehensis
Plants described in 2018