Aoukar or Erg Aoukar () is a
geological depression
In geology, a depression is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Depressions form by various mechanisms.
Types
Erosion-related:
* Blowout: a depression created by wind erosion typically in either a partially vegetated sa ...
area of south eastern
Mauritania
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Maghreb, Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to Mauritania–Western Sahara border, the north and northwest, ...
. It is located between
Kiffa and
Néma
Néma () is a town in southeastern Mauritania, close to the border with Mali. It is located at around at the eastern end of the Aoukar. It is the capital of Hodh Ech Chargui Region and of the Néma (department), Néma Department.
While the u ...
, south of the
Tagant Plateau. The region is also referred to as Hodh or ().
[ Barth, Henry]
''Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855'', Vol. 3, pp. 712 ff.
Harper & Bros. (New York), 1859. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
The Aoukar basin is a dry
natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.
From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and ...
of
sand dune
A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, flat ...
s and
salt pans fringed by
escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.
Due to the similarity, the term '' scarp'' may mistakenly be incorrectly used inte ...
s on its northern and eastern sides.
History
There was once vast
reed-covered
endorheic lake
An endorheic lake (also called a sink lake or terminal lake) is a collection of water within an endorheic basin, or sink, with no evident outlet. Endorheic lakes are generally Saline water, saline as a result of being unable to get rid of solutes ...
in the area, but it no longer exists. The former lake of Aoukar extended towards the area of
Tichit, bordering the southern edge of the
Tagant Plateau. Below the cliffs ''(dhars)'' facing the extinct lake remains of about 400 villages have been found.

From east to west, Dhar
Néma
Néma () is a town in southeastern Mauritania, close to the border with Mali. It is located at around at the eastern end of the Aoukar. It is the capital of Hodh Ech Chargui Region and of the Néma (department), Néma Department.
While the u ...
, Dhar
Walata, Dhar
Tichitt, and Dhar
Tagant form a semicircular shape around the Hodh/Aoukar Depression, which, prior to 4000 BCE, was an area with lakes of considerable size, and, after 1000 BCE, was an area that had become increasingly dried.
During the emergence of the Tichitt Tradition, it was an oasis area.
The
Tichitt Tradition of eastern Mauritania dates from 2200 BCE
to 200 BCE.
Previously administered as part of
French Sudan
French Sudan (; ') was a French colonial territory in the Federation of French West Africa from around 1880 until 1959, when it joined the Mali Federation, and then in 1960, when it became the independent state of Mali. The colony was formall ...
(present-day
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is the List of African countries by area, eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of over . The country is bordered to the north by Algeria, to the east b ...
), the area was transferred to
French Mauritania in 1944, apparently on a whim of the colonial governor
Laigret. The transfer was still resented upon Mali's independence. Formerly more fertile, it is now largely a barren waste.
Aoukar/Hodh gave its name to the modern
Mauritania
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Maghreb, Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to Mauritania–Western Sahara border, the north and northwest, ...
n
regions
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
of
Hodh Ech Chargui
Hodh Ech Chargui () is a large region in eastern Mauritania, with an area of 182,700 km2. Its capital is Néma, but the largest town, in Bassiknou Department, is Fassala (or Vassale) at the extreme southeast of Mauritania, with 65,927 inhabitant ...
and
Hodh El Gharbi.

Ecology
The Aoukar is one of the few natural refuges for the
addax
The addax (''Addax nasomaculatus''), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope, is an antelope native to the Sahara Desert. The only member of the genus ''Addax'', it was first described scientifically by Henri de Blainvil ...
, a
critically endangered
An IUCN Red List critically endangered (CR or sometimes CE) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. As of December 2023, of t ...
kind of antelope which lives in the region.
Richard Trillo, ''The Rough Guide to West Africa''
/ref>
See also
* Geography of Mauritania
* List of ergs
References
External links
Mauritania - crossing the Aoukar basin
Landforms of Mauritania
Depressions (geology)
Endorheic basins of Africa
Geology of Mauritania
Sedimentary basins of Africa
Natural regions of Africa
Regions of West Africa
Geography of Mali
Geography of Mauritania
West Africa
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