''Erethistoides'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of South Asian river catfishes.

Species

There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus:Ng, H.H., Ferraris, C.J.Jr. & Neely, D.A. (2012): ''The catfish genus'' Erethistoides ''(Siluriformes: Sisoridae) in Myanmar, with descriptions of three new species.'' Zootaxa, 3254: 55–68. * '' Erethistoides ascita'' H. H. Ng &

Edds Ethylenediamine-''N'',''N-disuccinic acid (EDDS) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid. It is a colourless solid that is used as chelating agent that may offer a biodegradable alternative to EDTA, which is currently used on a large scale in numer ...

, 2005 * ''

Erethistoides cavatura ''Erethistoides cavatura'' is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to Nepal where it is found in the Rapi River system of Narayani River Narayani may refer to: * Narayani (deity), another name for Lakshmi * Narayani, an epithet of Yog ...

'' H. H. Ng &

, 2005 * ''

Erethistoides infuscatus ''Erethistoides infuscatus'' is a species of South Asian river catfish native to India and Bangladesh where it is found in the drainages of the Brahmaputra and Meghna River The Meghna River ( bn, মেঘনা নদী) is one of the majo ...

'' H. H. Ng, 2006 * ''

Erethistoides longispinis ''Erethistoides longispinis'' is a species of sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family in ...

'' H. H. Ng,

Ferraris Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...

Neely Neely is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adam Neely (born 1988), American bass player and YouTuber * Anne Neely (born 1946), American painter * Bill Neely (born 1959), British television journalis ...

, 2012 * ''

Erethistoides luteolus ''Erethistoides luteolus'' is a species of sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family inclu ...

'' H. H. Ng,

, 2012 * ''

Erethistoides montana ''Erethistoides montana'' is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to India where it can be found in Tripura, Assam and Darjeeling Darjeeling (, , ) is a town and municipality in the northernmost region of the Indian state of We ...

Hora Hora may refer to: Companies * Hora (company), a Romanian manufacturer of stringed musical instruments People * Hora (surname) * Hora (musician), member of the Japanese duo Schwarz Stein * Hora people, an indigenous people of Bolivia Places * ...

, 1950 * ''

Erethistoides pipri ''Erethistoides pipri'' is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to India where it is found in the Rihand and Sone River Son River ( hi, सोन नदी, also spelt Sone River) is a perennial river located in central India. It ...

, 1950 * ''

Erethistoides senkhiensis ''Erethistoides senkhiensis'' is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to India where it is found in Senkhi stream, Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North- ...

Tamang The Tamang (; Devanagari: तामाङ; ''tāmāṅ'') are an Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group of Nepal. In Nepal Tamang/Moormi people constitute 5.6% of the Nepalese population at over 1.3 million in 2001, increasing to 1,539,830 as of the 2011 ...

Chaudhry Chowdhury is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associate ...

Choudhury Chowdhury is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associate ...

, 2008 * ''

Erethistoides sicula ''Erethistoides sicula'' is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous count ...

'' H. H. Ng, 2005 * ''

Erethistoides vesculus ''Erethistoides vesculus'' is a species of sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family inclu ...

'' H. H. Ng,

, 2012

Distribution and habitat

This genus is known from the sub-

Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 10 ...

n region of the

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

n subcontinent. They are found in the

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, northeast India, and Bangladesh. It is also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali, Luit in Assamese, and Jamuna River in Bangla. I ...

and

Meghna The Meghna River ( bn, মেঘনা নদী) is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest delta on earth, which fans out to the Bay of Bengal. A part of the Surma-Meghna River System, ...

drainages, northern

and

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is ma ...

Description

''Erethistoides'' is distinguished from all other erethistids by having the anterior margin of the

pectoral fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as ...

spine with

serration Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections. A serrated cutting edge has many small points of contact with the material being cut. By having less contact area than a smooth blade or other edge, the applied ...

s directed toward the tip of the spine distally, and away from the tip proximally; however, the use of this as a diagnostic character has been questioned as some specimens of '' Erethistes filamentosa'' also show this trait. They also lack a

thoracic The thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the crea ...

adhesive apparatus present in some other erethistids, and a smooth to granulate anterior margin on the

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through c ...

spine, moderate

gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

openings that extend to the underside of the fish, a

papilla Papilla (Latin, 'nipple') or papillae may refer to: In animals * Papilla (fish anatomy), in the mouth of fish * Basilar papilla, a sensory organ of lizards, amphibians and fish * Dental papilla, in a developing tooth * Dermal papillae, part of ...

te upper lip, and 9–11

anal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as s ...

rays. The head is depressed and triangular, and the body is elongate and compressed. The eyes are small to moderate and are placed dorsolaterally in the posterior half of the head. The pectoral fin spine is serrated anteriorly and posteriorly. The dorsal fin spine is serrated posteriorly but not anteriorly.

References

Erethistidae Fish of South Asia Catfish genera Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Sunder Lal Hora {{catfish-stub