''Equilabium'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savo ...

. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ...

Description

Species of ''Equilabium'' are

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition ...

or soft-wooded shrubs, rarely woody shrubs. The herbaceous species may be

annual Annual may refer to: * Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook **Literary annual * Annual plant *Annual report *Annual giving *Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco *Annuals (band), ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

. The leaves are opposite. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed ...

s are "

thryse An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are form ...

s" – compound structures in which the flowers are arranged on secondary branches. Individual flowers have stalks (

pedicels In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. Such inflorescences are described as ''pedicellate''. Description Pedicel refers to a structure connecting a single flower to its inflorescence. In the absenc ...

). The

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...

s form a two-lipped funnel shape, the upper lip having four lobes, the lower lip one lobe. The

petal Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usuall ...

s form a two-lipped tube, with an S-shaped basal portion. There are four

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s, whose filaments are not fused together. The style is divided into two parts (bifid). The nutlets are ovoid. ''Equilabium'' and '' Plectranthus'' species are distinguished from ''

Coleus ''Coleus'' is a genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, sometimes succulent, sometimes with a fleshy or tuberous rootstock, found in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The relationship among the genera ''Coleus'', '' Solenostemon'' and ...

'' by having the stem (

pedicel Pedicle or pedicel may refer to: Human anatomy *Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body, and is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures ...

) of the

calyx Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to: Biology * Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...

attached symmetrically to the base of the calyx tube, rather than opposite the upper lip, and having the

corolla Corolla may refer to: *Corolla (botany), the petals of a flower, considered as a unit *Toyota Corolla, an automobile model name * Corolla (headgear), an ancient headdress in the form of a circlet or crown * ''Corolla'' (gastropod), a genus of moll ...

lobes more or less equal in length. ''Equilabium'' species can be distinguished from ''Plectranthus'' by the truncated shape of the throat of the calyx and by the usually S-shaped tube of the corolla, which is parallel-sided at the base.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Equilabium'' was first described in 2018 as the result of a

study. ''Equilabium'' was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'', which was discovered not to be

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

. Only the names of the genus and the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

, '' Equilabium laxiflorum'', were formally published at the time. The names of 41 more species were published in 2019.

Phylogeny

In 2019, Paton et al. published a summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectranthinae, based on an earlier 2018 study. The new genus ''Equilabium'' was established and ''

'' revived. In the version below, the three genera accepted in these studies that were formerly included in a broad

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: *Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) *Circumscription theory The circumscription theory is a theory of the role of warfare in state formation in political anthropology, created ...

of ''Plectranthus'' are highlighted.

Species

Paton et al. (2019) list 42 species: *'' Equilabium acaule'' (Brummitt & Seyani) Mwany., Culham & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus acaulis'') – Malawi to Zambia (Nyika Plateau) *'' Equilabium agnewii'' (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus agnewii'') – E. Tropical Africa *'' Equilabium annuum'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus annuus'') – S. Tanzania to Mozambique *''

Equilabium caespitosum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian subc ...

'' (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus caespitosus'') – Kenya to N. Tanzania *''

Equilabium candelabriforme ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Launert) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus candelabriformis'') – Tanzania to N. Namibia *''

Equilabium cinereum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus cinereus'') – Kenya to Tanzania *''

Equilabium dissectum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Brenan) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus dissectus'') – S. Malawi *''

Equilabium dolomiticum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Codd) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus dolomiticus'') – Zimbabwe to Limpopo *''

Equilabium equisetiforme ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (E.A.Bruce) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Coleus equisetiformis'') – Tanzania to N. Zambia *''

Equilabium flaccidum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Vatke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syns ''Coleus flaccidus'', ''Plectranthus flaccidus'') – S. Somalia to Mozambique, Comoros *''

Equilabium glandulosum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Hook. f.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus glandulosus'') – Widespread in Tropical Africa *''

Equilabium goetzei ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Gürke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus goetzei'') – SW. Tanzania to Zambia *''

Equilabium gracile ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Suess.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus gracilis'') – S. Tanzania to S. Tropical Africa *'' Equilabium intrusum'' (Briq.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus intrusus'') – Democratic Republic of the Congo *''

Equilabium janthinothryx ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Lebrun & L. Touss) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus janthinothryx'') – Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda *''

Equilabium jebel-marrae ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Wickens & B.Mathew) A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus jebel-marrae'') – Sudan *''

Equilabium kamerunense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Gürke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus kamerunensis'') – Nigeria to Cameroon, E. Tropical Africa *'' Equilabium laxiflorum'' (Benth.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus laxiflorus'') – Ethiopia to South Africa *''

Equilabium longipes ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus longipes'') – Eritrea to Rwanda and Tanzania *''

Equilabium mafiense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus mafiensis'') – Tanzania (Mafia I.) *''

Equilabium masukense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus masukensis'') – Kenya to N. Zambia *''

Equilabium megafolium ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus megafolius'') – Tanzania (type) *''

Equilabium molle ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Aiton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Ocimum molle'', ''Plectranthus mollis'') – Indian Subcontinent to N. Myanmar *''

Equilabium orbiculare ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Gürke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus orbicularis'') – E. Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar, Pemba) *''

Equilabium parvum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Oliv.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus parvus'') – Uganda to N. Zambia *''

Equilabium pauciflorum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus pauciflorus'') – Democratic Republic of the Congo, East Africa, Zambia *''

Equilabium petiolare ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Benth.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus petiolaris'') – S. Mozambique to South Africa *''

Equilabium pinetorum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus pinetorum'') – Malawi and E. Zimbabwe *'' Equilabium pubescens'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus pubescens'') – SW. Tanzania to Mozambique *''

Equilabium pulcherissimum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus pulcherissimus'') – Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia *''

Equilabium radiatum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus radiatus'') – S. Tanzania *''

Equilabium rungwense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus rungwensis'') – Tanzania (Mt. Rungwe) *''

Equilabium scopulicola ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus scopulicola'') – Tanzania (W. Usambara Mts.) *''

Equilabium selukwense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (N.E.Br.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus selukwensis'') – Zambia to Zimbabwe *''

Equilabium spananthum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (A.J.Paton, Friis & Sebsebe) A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus spananthus'') – Ethiopia *''

Equilabium stenophyllum ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus stenophyllus'') – S. Tanzania to S. Tropical Africa *''

Equilabium stenosiphon ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus stenosiphon'') – S. Malawi to C. Mozambique and Zimbabwe *''

Equilabium stoltzii ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Gilli) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus stolzii'') – SW. Tanzania to N. Malawi *'' Equilabium subincisum'' (Benth.) Mwany., Smitha & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus subincisus'') – S. India, Sri Lanka? *'' Equilabium vesiculare'' (A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus vesicularis'') – Tanzania to N. Mozambique *''

Equilabium viphyense ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus ''Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian s ...

'' (Brummitt & Seyani) Mwany., Culham & A.J.Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus viphyensis'') – Tanzania to S. Tropical Africa *''

Equilabium wollastonii ''Equilabium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It was split off from the genus '' Plectranthus'' in 2018 as the result of a molecular phylogenetic study. Most species are native to Africa, with two found in the Indian ...

'' (S.Moore) Mwany. & A.J. Paton (syn. ''Plectranthus wollastonii'') – E. Central Tropical Africa to S. Kenya.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q93760161 Lamiaceae Lamiaceae genera