''Episinus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

comb-footed spiders Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 spec ...

that was first described by

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ...

in 1809. They can grow up to long.

Species

it contains forty-seven species and one subspecies, found worldwide: *'' E. affinis'' Bösenberg &

Strand Strand or The Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * ...

, 1906 –

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(Far East),

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

*'' E. algiricus'' Lucas, 1846 –

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, Northwest Africa, Malta? *'' E. amoenus''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. As banks ...

, 1911 – USA,

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

*'' E. angulatus'' ( Blackwall, 1836) –

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

, Russia (

to West Siberia), Central Asia *'' E. antipodianus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 –

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

*'' E. baoshanensis'' Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

*'' E. bilineatus'' Simon, 1894 –

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

*'' E. bimucronatus'' (Simon, 1895) –

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

*'' E. bishopi'' (Lessert, 1929) – Congo *'' E. bonjovi'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. cavernicola'' ( Kulczyński, 1897) –

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

*'' E. chikunii'' Yoshida, 1985 – Japan *'' E. emanus'' Levi, 1964 –

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

*'' E. fontinalis'' Levy, 1985 –

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

*'' E. garisus'' Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil *'' E. gibbus'' Zhu & Wang, 1995 – China *'' E. hickmani'' Caporiacco, 1949 –

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

*'' E. immundus'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann Gr ...

, 1884) – Peru, Brazil *'' E. implexus'' (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela *'' E. israeliensis'' Levy, 1985 – Israel *'' E. jiangweni'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. kitazawai'' Yaginuma, 1958 – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan *'' E. longabdomenus'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. macrops'' Simon, 1903 –

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

, Congo *'' E. maculipes'' Cavanna, 1876 – Europe,

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

, Turkey,

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

**'' Episinus m. numidicus'' Kulczyński, 1905 – Algeria,

Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...

*'' E. maderianus'' Kulczyński, 1905 – Canary Is., Madeira *'' E. makiharai'' Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan *'' E. marignaci'' (Lessert, 1933) –

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

*'' E. meruensis'' Tullgren, 1910 –

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

*'' E. mikhailovi'' Zamani & Marusik, 2021 – Iran *'' E. mucronatus'' (Simon, 1894) –

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

*'' E. nanyue'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' E. nubilus'' Yaginuma, 1960 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is. *'' E. pentagonalis'' Chakrabarti, 2013 – India *'' E. porteri'' (Simon, 1901) –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

*'' E. punctisparsus'' Yoshida, 1983 – Taiwan *'' E. rhomboidalis'' (Simon, 1895) –

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

, Singapore *'' E. similanus'' Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand *'' E. similitudus'' Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand *'' E. taibeli'' Caporiacco, 1949 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

*'' E. theridioides'' Simon, 1873 – Spain, France (mainland,

Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...

), Italy (

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...

) *'' E. tongyani'' Lin & Li, 2021 – China *'' E. truncatus'' Latreille, 1809 (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

*'' E. typicus'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' E. variacorneus'' Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992 – China *'' E. xiushanicus'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. yoshidai'' Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan Formerly included: *''E. bicorniger'' (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to ''

Janula ''Janula'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1932. It is a senior synonym of ''Monetoculus''. Species it contains forty-four species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Asia, Panama, and Queensla ...

'') *''E. bicornis'' (Thorell, 1881) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. bicruciatus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. bifrons'' (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. caudifer'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to ''

Moneta In Roman mythology, Moneta (Latin Monēta) was a title given to two separate goddesses: It was the name of the goddess of memory (identified with the Greek mythology, Greek goddess Mnemosyne), and it was an epithet of Juno (mythology), Juno, ca ...

'') *''E. coercerveus'' Roberts, 1978 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. conifer'' (Urquhart, 1886) (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. erythrophthalmus'' (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. gratiosus'' Bryant, 1940 (Transferred to '' Neopisinus'') *''E. longipes'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Neopisinus'') *''E. luteolimbatus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. malachinus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. marginatus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. minusculus'' Gertsch, 1936 (Transferred to '' Chrosiothes'') *''E. mirabilis'' (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. modestus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. nebulosus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. ocreatus'' (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. paiki'' Seo, 1985 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. pictus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. recifensis'' Levi, 1964 (Transferred to ''Neopisinus'') *''E. salobrensis'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. spinigeroides'' Zhu & Song, 1992 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. tanikawai'' Yoshida, 1991 (Transferred to ''Moneta'') *''E. taprobanicus'' (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to ''Janula'') *''E. yoshimurai'' Yoshida, 1983 (Transferred to ''Moneta'')

Nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium,'' it may be impossible to determine whether a ...

*''E. americanus'' Nicolet, 1849

References

Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille Theridiidae {{Theridiidae-stub

Species

See also

References