Epedanidae is a family of the

harvestman The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total n ...

infraorder

Grassatores The Grassatores Kury, 2002 are the most diverse infraorder of the Laniatores. It includes over 3,700 species distributed mainly in the tropicsKury, A.B.(2003). Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). '' Revi ...

with about 200 described species. They are the sister group of the

Gonyleptoidea Gonyleptoidea is the most diverse superfamily of the Grassatores. It includes around 2,500 species distributed in the Neotropics. They are characterized by the simplified male genitalia, with the glans free subapical in the truncus. Gonyleptoide ...

. (2007): Epedanidae. Sørensen, 1886. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 188. The Epedanidae are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

. The subfamily Dibuninae forms the predominant harvestman fauna of the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. The other three subfamilies are more predominant in

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

and

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

, and some are found in

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

and

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

. Some species occur outside this region, in

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

and

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

. One species is even endemic to

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

.Hallan Biology Catalog The oldest fossils of the family are known from the Cenomanian aged

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. Th ...

of Myanmar.

Description

The body size ranges from two to five millimeters, with thin legs ranging from six to 26 mm. The

chelicera The chelicerae () are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or as a type ...

e are heavy with strong teeth in both fingers. The

pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among Chelicerata, chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to ...

s are long and strong, with powerful spines lining the inside of the claw. Most species are light brown with few black mottling. Some species possess white patches on the

scutum The ''scutum'' (; :''scuta'') was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of ...

. The pedipalps are much more heavily spined in males, together with a swollen cheliceral hand.

Name

The type genus ''Epedanus'' is derived from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

''epedanos'' "weak, feeble".

Genera

For a list of all currently described species see List of Epedanidae species. Dibuninae Roewer, 1912 *'' Dibunus'' Loman, 1906 Epedaninae Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 *'' Alloepedanus'' Suzuki, 1985 *'' Balabanus'' Suzuki, 1977 *''

Caletor In Greek mythology, Caletor (Ancient Greek: Καλήτωρ) may refer to one of the following characters associated with the Trojan War: *Caletor, one of the defenders of Troy. He was the son of Clytius and brother of Procleia. Caletor was killed ...

'' Loman 1892 *'' Caletorellus'' Roewer, 1938 * ''

Dino Dino may refer to: Prefix * dino-, a common prefix in taxonomy, meaning "terrible", "formidable" **Dinosaur ** Dinosaurus People * Dino (given name), a masculine given name and a nickname * Dino (surname), a surname found in Albania and Turkey ...

'' Loman 1892

n Weber N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

/small> from Podoctinae). *'' Epedanellus'' Roewer, 1911 *'' Epedanidus'' Roewer, 1945 *'' Epedanulus'' Roewer, 1913 *'' Epedanus'' Thorell, 1876 *'' Euepedanus'' Roewer, 1915 *'' Funkikoa'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Heteroepedanus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Aboriscus'' Roewer, 1940 *'' Lobonychium'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Metathyreotus'' Roewer, 1913 *'' Metepedanulus'' Roewer, 1913 *'' Metepedanus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Mosfora'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Nanepedanus'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Neoepedanus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Paratakaoia'' Suzuki, 1985 *'' Parepedanulus'' Roewer, 1913 *'' Plistobunus'' Pocock, 1903 *'' Pseudoepedanus'' Suzuki, 1969 *'' Pseudomarthana'' Hillyard, 1985 *'' Takaoia'' Roewer, 1911 *'' Thyreotus'' Thorell, 1889 * '' Toccolus'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Zepedanulus'' Roewer, 1927 Acrobuninae Roewer, 1912 *'' Acrobunus'' Thorell, 1891 *'' Anacrobunus'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Harpagonellus'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Heterobiantes'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Metacrobunus'' Roewer, 1915 *'' Paracrobunus'' Suzuki, 1977 Sarasinicinae Roewer, 1923 *'' Acanthepedanus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Albertops'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Asopella'' Sørensen, 1932 *'' Delicola'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Gintingius'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Kilungius'' Roewer, 1915 *'' Koyanus'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Kuchingius'' Roewer, 1927 *''

Nobeoka 270px, Central Nobeoka City is a city located in the north of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 113,367 in 51272 households, and a population density of 130 persons per km². The total area of the city is . ...

'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Opelytus'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Padangcola'' Roewer, 1963 * '' Panticola'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Parepedanus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Pasohnus'' Suzuki, 1976 *'' Pseudobiantes'' Hirst, 1911 *'' Punanus'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Sarasinica'' Strand, 1914 *'' Sembilanus'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Sinistus'' Roewer, 1938 *'' Siponnus'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Sungsotia'' Tsurusaki, 1995 *'' Tegestria'' Roewer, 1936 *'' Tonkinatus'' Roewer, 1938 ''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' *'' Beloniscellus'' Roewer, 1912 *'' Beloniscops'' Roewer, 1949 *'' Belonisculus'' Roewer, 1923 *'' Beloniscus'' Thorell, 1891 *'' Buparellus'' Roewer, 1949 *'' Bupares'' Thorell, 1889 *'' Dhaulagirius'' Martens, 1977 *'' Dumaguetes'' Roewer, 1927 *'' Parabeloniscus'' Suzuki, 1967 *'' Parabupares'' S. Suzuki, 1982 *'' Sotekia'' S. Suzuki, 1982 *'' Tithaeus'' Thorell, 1890 *'' Tokunosia'' Suzuki, 1964 *†'' Petrobunoides'' Selden et al. 2016

, Myanmar,

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...

*†'' Biungulus'' Bartel et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian *†'' Gigantocheles'' Bartel et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3055683 Harvestman families

Description

Name

Genera

References

Further reading

External links