''Epacris'' is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It was formerly treated in a closely related but separate family Epacridaceae, but the various

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

within

Epacridaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

including ''Epacris'' have been revised in their relationships to each other and brought under the common umbrella of the Ericaceae. The genus ''Epacris'' is native to eastern and southeastern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

(southeast Queensland south to Tasmania and west to southeast South Australia),

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

and New Zealand. The species are known as heaths or Australian heaths.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Epacris'' are shrubs with simple leaves that are a similar colour on both surfaces and with flowers arranged singly in leaf

axil A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

s near the ends of the branches, sometimes extending along the branches. Each flower is surrounded by many

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s and five, usually glabrous sepals. The

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are joined to produce a cylindrical or bell-like tube with five lobes on the end. There are five

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s which are mostly enclosed in the tube, and a single style which protrudes from the tube. The fruit is a capsule.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Epacris'' was first formally described in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles, who published the description in ''Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum''. Cavanilles did not specify a

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

species but in 1983

Edward Groesbeck Voss Edward Groesbeck "Ed" Voss (February 22, 1929 – February 13, 2012) was an American botanist and expert on taxonomic nomenclature. Voss was born in Delaware, Ohio, received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Michigan in 1954 and spen ...

nominated '' Epacris longiflora'' as the lectotype. The genus name (''Epacris'') is derived from an Ancient Greek word meaning "on the summit", referring to habitat preference.

Distribution

Species of ''Epacris'' are found in all Australian states except the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Three further species are found in New Zealand. The New Zealand species '' E. pauciflora'' has been reported from

, but this report is now regarded as an error.

Species

The following is a list of species recognised by the Australian Plant Census or by the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network as at April 2022: * '' Epacris acuminata''

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

(Tas.) * ''

Epacris alpina ''Epacris'' is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It was formerly treated in a closely related but separate family Epacridaceae, but the various genera within Epacridaceae including ''Epacris'' have bee ...

'' Hook.f. (N.Z.) * ''

Epacris apiculata ''Epacris apiculata '' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is a small, slender, low-lying to erect shrub with hairy branchlets, egg-shaped leaves with a thickened, ...

'' A.Cunn. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris apsleyensis ''Epacris apsleyensis '' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with hairy branchlets, lance-shaped to elliptic leaves and tube-shaped flowers with white p ...

'' Crowden (Tas.) * ''

Epacris barbata ''Epacris barbata'', commonly known as bearded heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with lance-shaped leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers ...

'' Melville – bearded heath (Tas.) * ''

Epacris breviflora ''Epacris breviflora'', commonly known as drumstick heath, is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-east of the Australian continent. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped leaves with a sharp-pointed tip and with clu ...

'' Stapf – drumstick heath (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) * ''

Epacris browniae Epacris browniae is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is an erect, woody shrub with wand-like branchlets, crowded, glabrous, trowel-shaped leaves and tube-shaped ...

'' Coleby (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris calvertiana ''Epacris calvertiana'' is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is an erect to diffuse shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with a sharp-pointed tip and with white, pink or red flowers arranged along th ...

'' F.Muell. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris celata ''Epacris celata'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with flat, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the ...

'' Crowden (N.S.W., Vic.) * ''

Epacris cerasicollina ''Epacris cerasicollina'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a shrub with lance-shaped to egg-shaped, slightly concave leaves and tube-shaped white flowers mostly clustered in upper ...

'' Crowden (Tas.) * ''

Epacris coriacea ''Epacris coriacea '' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is a slender, erect shrub with hairy branchlets, egg-shaped to more or less diamond-shaped leaves and tube-shaped ...

'' A.Cunn. ex DC. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris corymbiflora ''Epacris corymbiflora'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae, and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a low, spreading shrub with elliptic leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers. Description ''Epacris corymbiflora'' is ...

'' Hook.f. (Tas.) * ''

Epacris crassifolia ''Epacris crassifolia '' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is a low-lying shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base ...

'' R.Br. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris curtisiae ''Epacris curtisiae'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to north-western Tasmania. It is a shrub with egg-shaped to almost circular leaves and tube-shaped white flowers crowded in upper leaf axils. Desc ...

'' Jarman (Tas.) * ''

Epacris decumbens ''Epacris decumbens '' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a straggling, low-lying shrub with hairy branchlets, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves, and tube-sh ...

'' ( I.Telford)

E.A.Br. Elizabeth Anne Brown (15 November 1956 – 17 November 2013) was a New Zealand-born Australian bryologist who primarily contributed to the systematics of liverworts. Early life and education Brown was born in Auckland, New Zealand, on 15 Novem ...

(N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris exserta ''Epacris exserta '', commonly known as South Esk heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with narrowly lance-shaped to elliptic leaves and tube-shaped, white flowe ...

'' R.Br. – South Esk heath (Tas.) * ''

Epacris franklinii ''Epacris franklinii'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae, and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect, spreading shrub with lance-shaped or elliptic leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers. Description ''Epacris fr ...

'' Hook.f. (Tas.) * ''

Epacris glabella ''Epacris glabella'', commonly known as smooth heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae, and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a shrub with erect branches, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers. ...

'' Jarman – smooth heath (Tas.) * ''

Epacris glacialis ''Epacris glacialis'', commonly known as reddish bog-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying shrub with crowded, rhombus-shaped to b ...

'' (F.Muell.) M.Gray (N.S.W., Vic.) * ''

Epacris gnidioides ''Epacris gnidioides'', commonly known as Budawangs cliff-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a small, creeping shrub with hairy branches, sharply- ...

'' (

Summerh. Victor Samuel Summerhayes (21 February 1897 – 27 December 1974) was an English botanist in charge of the orchid herbarium at Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew for 39 years. Summerhayes was born on 21 February 1897 at Street, Somerset and he was ...

)

(N.S.W. * ''

Epacris grandis ''Epacris grandis'', commonly known as grand heath or tall heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of Tasmania. It is a robust, erect shrub with smooth stems, lance-shaped leaves and ...

'' Crowden (Tas.) * ''

Epacris graniticola ''Epacris graniticola'', commonly known as granite heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped leaves and tube-shaped white flowers mostly clustered near ...

'' Crowden (Tas.) * ''

Epacris gunnii ''Epacris gunnii'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy branchlets, concave, sharply-pointed, broadly egg-shaped leaves, and tube-shaped, white flow ...

'' Hook.f. - coral heath (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.) * ''

Epacris hamiltonii ''Epacris hamiltonii'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the Blue Mountains in New South Wales. It is a slender, low-lying to ascending shrub with hairy branchlets, thin, flat, hairy egg-shaped leaves, ...

'' Maiden & Betche (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris heteronema ''Epacris heteronema'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with many branches, that typically grows to a height of . Its leaves are egg-shaped with an often heart-shape ...

'' Labill. (Tas.) * '' Epacris impressa'' Labill. - common or pink heath (Vic., N.S.W., S.A., Tas.) * ''

Epacris lanuginosa ''Epacris lanuginosa'', commonly known as woolly-style heath, is a species of flowering plant in the Family (biology), family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a slender, erect shrub with hairy branchlets, linear to la ...

'' Labill. - woolly-style heath (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.) * ''

Epacris limbata ''Epacris limbata'', commonly known as bordered heath or border heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is Endemism, endemic to a restricted area of Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with narrowly heart-shaped or bro ...

'' K.J.Williams & F.Duncan (Tas.) * ''

Epacris lithophila ''Epacris lithophila'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with few branches, lance-shaped to elliptic leaves and creamy-white, tube-shaped flowe ...

'' Crowden & Menadue (N.S.W.) * '' Epacris longiflora'' Cav. - fuchsia heath (Qld., N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris marginata ''Epacris marginata'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with overlapping, bluish, sharply-pointed, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with transparent edges, and white ...

'' Melville (Tas.) * ''

Epacris microphylla ''Epacris microphylla '', commonly known as coral heath, is a plant in the heath family Ericaceae and which is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a common, wiry shrub with tiny leaves that are often obscured by the flowers, especially near th ...

'' R.Br. - coral heath (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) * ''

Epacris moscaliana ''Epacris moscaliana'', commonly known as seepage heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a bushy shrub with wand-like branches, narrowly lance-shaped to egg-shaped or round leaves ...

'' Crowden (Tas.) * ''

Epacris mucronulata ''Epacris mucronulata'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with softly-hairy young branches, lance-shaped leaves, and cylindrical white flowers in small groups at the ...

'' R.Br. (Tas.) * ''

Epacris muelleri ''Epacris muelleri'', commonly known as Mueller's heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect, or weak straggling shrub with more or less glabrous branchlets, ...

'' Sond. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris myrtifolia ''Epacris myrtifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of . Its leaves are thick, crowded, egg-shaped with a small, blunt point on ...

'' Labill. (Tas.) * ''

Epacris navicularis ''Epacris navicularis'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath Family (biology), family Ericaceae and is Endemism, endemic to south-western Tasmania. It is a shrub with crowded, overlapping egg-shaped leaves arranged in five rows, and bell- ...

'' Jarman (Tas.) * ''

Epacris obtusifolia ''Epacris obtusifolia'', commonly known as blunt-leaf heath, is a species of flowering plant from the heath family, Ericaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with few stems, crowded, oblong to elliptic leaves and tube- ...

'' Sm. - blunt-leaf heath (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.) * ''

Epacris paludosa ''Epacris paludosa'', commonly known as swamp heath, is a species of flowering plant from the heath family, Ericaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, bushy shrub with lance-shaped, elliptic or egg-shaped leaves and tube-shap ...

'' R.Br. - swamp heath (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) * '' Epacris pauciflora''

A.Rich. Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852). Biography Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...

- tamingi (N.Z.) * '' Epacris petrophila'' Hook.f. - snow heath (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) * ''

Epacris pilosa ''Epacris pilosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath Family (biology), family Ericaceae and is Endemism, endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is low-lying shrub with weeping, shaggy-hairy branchlets, elliptic to more or less egg-shap ...

'' Crowden (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris pinoidea ''Epacris pinoidea'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area of eastern New South Wales. It is an erect to semi-erect shrub with flat, oblong to elliptic or lance-shaped leaves and white, tu ...

'' Crowden & Menadue (N.S.W.) * '' Epacris pulchella'' Cav. – wallum heath (Qld., N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris purpurascens ''Epacris purpurascens'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped or heart-shaped, sharply-pointed leaves and white or pink, tube-shaped flowers ...

'' Banks ex Sims - Port Jackson heath (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris reclinata ''Epacris reclinata'', commonly known as fuchsia heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is a low-lying to spreading shrub with egg-shaped leaves and pink to red, tube-shaped ...

'' A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris rhombifolia ''Epacris rhombifolia'' commonly known as mountain coral heath, is a plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, multi-stemmed shrub with broad, rhombic leaves and white flowers with four petals, ...

'' ( L.R.Fraser & Vickery) Menadue (N.S.W., Vic.) * ''

Epacris rigida ''Epacris rigida'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect, bushy shrub with elliptic leaves and white or cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers. Description ''Epacris rig ...

'' Sieber ex Spreng. - keeled heath (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris robusta ''Epacris rigida'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is an erect to spreading shrub with egg-shaped to more or less circular leaves and sweetly-scented, cream-coloured, ...

'' Benth. – round-leaf heath (N.S.W., A.C.T.) * ''

Epacris serpyllifolia ''Epacris serpyllifolia''is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a small low-lying or weakly erect shrub with heart-shaped to broadly egg-shaped leaves and tube-shaped white flowers crowded ...

'' R.Br. - thyme heath (Tas.) * ''

Epacris sinclairii ''Epacris'' is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It was formerly treated in a closely related but separate family Epacridaceae, but the various genera within Epacridaceae including ''Epacris'' have bee ...

'' Hook.f. - thyme heath (N.Z.) * ''

Epacris sparsa ''Epacris sparsa'', is a small upright shrub with creamy-white flowers, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves and reddish new growth. It is endemic to New South Wales with a restricted distribution. Description ''Epacris sparsa'' is an upright shrub h ...

'' R.Br. (N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris sprengelioides ''Epacris sprengelioides'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to a small area in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with shaggy-hairy branchlets, more or less erect, narrowly ellip ...

'' (Maiden & Betche)

(N.S.W.) * ''

Epacris stuartii ''Epacris stuartii'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It was first formally described in 1910 by Otto Stapf and the description was published in the ''Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informat ...

'' Stapf (Tas.) * ''

Epacris tasmanica ''Epacris tasmanica'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is an erect shrub with lance-shaped leaves and tube-shaped white flowers crowded in upper leaf axils. Description ''Epacris ta ...

W.M.Curtis Winifred Mary Curtis (15 June 1905 – 14 October 2005) was a British-born Australian botanist, author and a pioneer researcher in plant embryology and cytology who played a prominent role in the department of botany at the University of Tasmani ...

(Tas.) * ''

Epacris virgata ''Epacris virgata'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defi ...

'' Hook.f. (Tas.)

Images

Image:Epacris_microphylla.jpg, ''

'' Image:Epacris_pulchella.jpg, '' Epacris pulchella'' Image:Epacris purpurascens (Edwards).jpg, ''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2589976 Ericaceae genera