Enurmino (russian: Энурмино; Chukchi: , ''Innurmin'';

Yupik language The Yupik languages () are a family of languages spoken by the Yupik peoples of western and south-central Alaska and Chukotka. The Yupik languages differ enough from one another that they are not mutually intelligible, although speakers of one ...

: АнушпикV.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, ''Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР'' (''Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR'') (1989) Magadan. p.329 and also known as Ennurmin (russian: Эннурмин) and Enyurmin (russian: Энюрмин)) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Chukotsky District of

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Chukotka (russian: Чуко́тка), officially the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug,, ''Čukotkakèn avtonomnykèn okrug'', is the easternmost federal subject of Russia. It is an autonomous okrug situated in the Russian Far East, and shares a bo ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

. It is located on the

Chukchi Sea Chukchi Sea ( rus, Чуко́тское мо́ре, r=Chukotskoye more, p=tɕʊˈkotskəjə ˈmorʲɪ), sometimes referred to as the Chuuk Sea, Chukotsk Sea or the Sea of Chukotsk, is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west ...

near Cape Serdtse-Kamen.Strogoff, p.120 Population: Municipally, Enurmino is subordinated to Chukotsky Municipal District and incorporated as Enurmino Rural Settlement.

History

Pre-Soviet Period

The name of the village comes from the Chukchi ''I'nnurmin'', meaning "a place behind the hills", as the village is located in a valley surrounded by hills. Nearby discoveries have revealed the site of an older village where the ancestors of those who live in Enurmino used to live, with the site of the village itself sitting on top of an ancient Chukchi settlement.Enurmino Area
Beringia Nature Park Website Nearby the village is the abandoned settlement of

Chegitun The Chegitun (russian: Чегитун) is a river located in the Chukotka Peninsula in Far East Siberia. It is the easternmost river flowing into the Chukchi Sea from the Siberian side, which makes it the easternmost significant river of the Euras ...

(russian: Чегитун), occupied from about 500 AD to the twentieth century, until the village was closed and the population transferred to Inchoun.''Beringian Notes 2.2'', Bogoslovaskaya, L., National Park Service, Alaska Region (1993), pp. 1-12

Soviet Period

In 1926, the village had a population of 103,Information on Enurmino
, Electoral Commission of the Chukotka Autonomous District (Избирательная комиссия Чукотского автономного округа). Retrieved 12 April 2012. which grew to 275 by 1943, consisting of 259 Chukchi, 1 Yupik and 15 visitors. During the Soviet period, the people of Enurmino, in collaboration with the people of Neshkan further down the northern Chukotka coast, formed the

Sovkhoz A sovkhoz ( rus, совхо́з, p=sɐfˈxos, a=ru-sovkhoz.ogg, abbreviated from ''советское хозяйство'', "sovetskoye khozyaystvo (sovkhoz)"; ) was a form of state-owned farm in the Soviet Union. It is usually contrasted wit ...

50th Anniversary of the Great October (russian: 50-летия Великого Октября). In addition to the Sovkhoz, there was also a polar station in the village called Netten, (russian: Нэттэн). The staff at this polar station used to play chess games over the radio with scientists at polar stations in the Antarctic.

Demographics

In 1926-27, Enurmino consisted of 19 households containing 103 Chukchi.Муниципальное образование сельское поселение Энурмино
Municipal Formation of the Rural Settlement of Enurmino - Official Website of Chukotsky District This had risen to 275 people by 1943, including 259 Chukchi, 15 Yupik and one person classified as a "visitor" upon whose nationality the source does not elaborate, though these figures are combined totals for both Enurmino and the, now abandoned, nearby village of Pouten. The population had increased further to 290 by 1989, of whom 260 were Chukchi and the remaining 30 classified again as "visitors" and again, as of March 2003, to 297, of which 296 were indigenous peoples.Red Cross of Chukotka
Chukotsky District
(Archived) The reported population as at the start of 2009 showed yet another increase to 311 people, but had fallen back to for last official census, of whom 139 were male and 162 female.

Culture

In 2008, a documentary was made on the lives of the inhabitants of Enurmino by Anadyr-born director, Alexey Vakhrushev, entitled ''Welcome to Enurmino!'', which shows the villagers trying to preserve their traditional ways of life while making the most of the limited modern amenities available to them.The Santa Fe Film Festival 2008.
''Welcome to Enurmino!''
(with stills).

Economy

The main activities of the villagers are Marine mammal harvest, hunting and fishing and 7-8% of the population are actively involved in hunting. The village has a food store, an elementary school, a daycare center and a post-office.

Transport

Enurmino is not connected to any other part of the world by permanent road and is 200 miles away from the district centre Lavrentiya. The only ways to travel the village are by sea, helicopter or winter road. There is, however, a very small network of roads within the village including:Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service
Chukotsky District * Улица Советская (Ulitsa Sovetskaya, lit. ''Soviet Street'') * Улица Южная (Ulitsa Yuzhnaya, lit. ''South Street'')

Climate

Enurmino has a

Tundra In physical geography, tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. The term ''tundra'' comes through Russian (') from the Kildin Sámi word (') meaning "uplands", "treeless mo ...

climate (''ET'')McKnightand Hess, pp.235-7 because the warmest month has an average temperature between and .

References

Notes

Sources

* * * *Strogoff, M, Brochet, P-C and Auzias, D
''Petit Futé: Chukotka''
"Avant-Garde" Publishing House, 2006. {{Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Rural localities in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Chukchi Sea Populated places of Arctic Russia