''Enterosora'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fern The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissue ...

s in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent sources include in ''Enterosora''. , many do not have formally published names in ''Enterosora'' and are retained here in ''Zygophlebia''.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Enterosora'' was created by John Gilbert Baker in 1886 with the Type (biology), type species ''Enterosora campbellii''. The genus ''Zygophlebia'' was created by Luther Earl Bishop, L. Earl Bishop in 1989 with the type species ''Zygophlebia sectifrons'', formerly placed in ''Polypodium''. Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that ''Enterosora'' is nested within ''Zygophlebia'', which could be resolved by synonymizing ''Zygophlebia'' with ''Enterosora''. In 2016, the authors of the PPG I classification considered merging the genera to be premature. A further study was published in 2019. This showed that ''Enterosora'' s.s. was monophyletic, but embedded within two clades of ''Zyglophlebia'', with ''Ceradenia'' the sister of ''Enterosora'' s.l.: The ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' has recognized the merger of ''Zygophlebia'' into ''Enterosora''. However, , many former ''Zygophlebia'' species do not have formally published names in ''Enterosora'', so are retained here ''Zygophlebia''.

Species

, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' (''CFLW'') accepted the following species. Species placed in ''Zygophlebia'' but accepted in ''Enterosora'' by ''CFLW'' are listed separately. *''Enterosora asplenioides'' L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora barbatula'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora bishopii'' A.Rojas *''Enterosora campbelliii'' Baker *''Enterosora ecostata'' (Sodiro) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora enterosoroides'' (Christ) A.Rojas *''Enterosora insidiosa'' (Sloss.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora percrassa'' (Baker) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora sinuata'' Rakotondr. & Parris *''Enterosora trichosora'' (Hook.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora trifurcata'' (L.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora uluguruensis'' (Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris Many of the species placed in ''Zygophlebia'' in the PPG I system do not yet have published names in ''Enterosora'' and so have "comb. ined." in ''CFLW''. All are retained here in ''Zygophlebia'': *''Enterosora anjanaharibensis'' (Rakotondr.) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia anjanaharibensis'' Rakotondr. *''Enterosora cornuta'' (Lellinger) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia cornuta'' (Lellinger) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora devoluta'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia devoluta'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora dudleyi'' (L.E.Bishop) A.R.Sm. & M.Kessler = ''Zygophlebia dudleyi'' L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora eminens'' (C.V.Morton) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia eminens'' (C.V.Morton) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora forsythiana'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia forsythiana'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora goodmanii'' (Rakotondr.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia goodmanii'' Rakotondr. *''Enterosora humbertii'' (C.Chr.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia humbertii'' (C.Chr.) Parris *''Enterosora longipilosa'' (C.Chr.) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia longipilosa'' (C.Chr.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora major'' (Reimers) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia major'' (Reimers) Parris *''Enterosora mathewsii'' (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia matthewsii'' (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora rouxii'' (Rakotondr. & Parris) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia rouxii'' Rakotondr. & Parris *''Enterosora sectifrons'' (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia sectifrons'' (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora subpinnata'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia subpinnata'' (Baker) L.E.Bishop ex Parris *''Enterosora torulosa'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia torulosa'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora villosissima'' (Hook.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''Zygophlebia villosissima'' (Hook.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora werffii'' (L.E.Bishop) comb. ined. = ''Zygophlebia werffii'' L.E.Bishop

Distribution

When Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed to include ''Zygophlebia'', the genus ''Enterosora'' is widely distributed in the Neotropical realm, Neotropics and tropical Africa, including Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands. The species which Bishop placed in ''Zygophlebia'' were mainly native to the Neotropics, with a few African species.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q8075885 Polypodiaceae Fern genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot