Tufts of gutweed in Gullmarsfjorden at Sämstad 1

The sea lettuces comprise the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

''Ulva'', a group of edible

green alga The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alg ...

e that is widely distributed along the coasts of the world's

ocean The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the wo ...

s. The type species within the genus ''Ulva'' is ''

Ulva lactuca ''Ulva lactuca'', also known by the common name sea lettuce, is an edible green alga in the family Ulvaceae. It is the type species of the genus '' Ulva''. A synonym is ''U. fenestrata'', referring to its "windowed" or "holed" appearance. Desc ...

'', ''lactuca'' being

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

for "lettuce". The genus also includes the species previously classified under the genus ''Enteromorpha'', the former members of which are known under the common name green nori.

Description

Individual blades of ''Ulva'' can grow to be more than 400 mm (16 in) in size, but this occurs only when the plants are growing in sheltered areas. A macroscopic alga which is light to dark green in colour, it is attached by disc holdfast. Their structure is a leaflike flattened

thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or " twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms ...

Nutrition and contamination

Sea lettuce is eaten by a number of different sea animals, including

manatee Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus ''Trichechus'') are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows. There are three accepted living species of Trichechidae, representing three of the four living speci ...

s and the sea slugs known as

sea hare The clade Anaspidea, commonly known as sea hares (''Aplysia'' species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs in ...

s. Many species of sea lettuce are a food source for humans in

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Swe ...

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

, China, and Japan (where this food is known as ''aosa''). Sea lettuce as a food for humans is eaten raw in

salad A salad is a dish consisting of mixed, mostly natural ingredients with at least one raw ingredient. They are typically served at room temperature or chilled, though some can be served warm. Condiments and salad dressings, which exist in a v ...

s and cooked in

soup Soup is a primarily liquid food, generally served warm or hot (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients of meat or vegetables with stock, milk, or water. Hot soups are additionally characterized by boiling soli ...

s. It is high in

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respon ...

, soluble

dietary fiber Dietary fiber (in British English fibre) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition, and can be grouped generally by th ...

, and a variety of

vitamin A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. Essential nut ...

s and

mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ...

s, especially

iron Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in ...

. However, contamination with

toxic heavy metal A toxic heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts. The term has particular application to cadmium, mercury and lead, all of which appear in the World ...

s at certain sites where it can be collected makes it dangerous for human consumption.

Aquarium trade

Sea lettuce species are commonly found in the saltwater aquarium trade, where the plants are valued for their high nutrient uptake and edibility. Many reef aquarium keepers use sea lettuce species in refugia or grow it as a food source for herbivorous fish. Sea lettuce is very easy to keep, tolerating a wide range of lighting and temperature conditions. In the refugium, sea lettuce can be attached to live rock or another surface, or simply left to drift in the water.

Health concerns

In August 2009, unprecedented amounts of these algae washed up on the beaches of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period o ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

, causing a major public health scare as it decomposed. The rotting leaves produced large quantities of

hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. The und ...

, a toxic gas. In one incident near

Saint-Michel-en-Grève Saint-Michel-en-Grève (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. In 2009 huge quantities of sea lettuce seaweed (''Ulva lactuca'') washed up on the beach at Saint Michel. Poisonous gases resulting fr ...

, a horse rider lost consciousness and his horse died after breathing the seaweed fumes; in another, a lorry driver driving a load of decomposing sea lettuce passed out, crashed, and died, with toxic fumes claimed to be the cause. Environmentalists blamed the phenomenon on excessive nitrogenous compounds washed out to sea from improper disposal of pig and poultry animal waste from industrial farms.

Species

Species in the genus ''Ulva'' include: ;Accepted species *''

Ulva acanthophora ''Ulva acanthophora'' is a species of benthic subtropical seaweed in the Ulvaceae family that can be found in California and Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of ...

'' (Kützing) Hayden, Blomster,

Maggs Maggs is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Adriana Maggs, Canadian actress * Albert H. Maggs (1916–1994), Australian bookmaker *Arnaud Maggs (1926–2012), Canadian artist * Bruce Maggs, American computer scientist *Christine ...

, P.C. Silva, Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva anandii ''Ulva anandii'' is a species of seaweed in Ulvaceae family that can be found in Buleji and Karachi districts of Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. I ...

'' Amjad & Shameel, 1993 *''

Ulva arasakii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' Chihara, 1969 *''

Ulva atroviridis ''Ulva atroviridis'' is a species of blackish-green coloured seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in Port Nolloth of Cape Province in South Africa and in Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in ...

'' Levring, 1938 *''

Ulva australis Ulva australis, the southern sea lettuce, is a species of bright green coloured seaweed Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of '' Rhodophyta'' (r ...

'' Areschoug, 1854 *''

Ulva beytensis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Thivy & Sharma, 1966 *''

Ulva bifrons ''Ulva bifrons'' is a species of blackish-green coloured seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in Sezimbra, Portugal, in France and Spain, and Balearic islands The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ...

'' Ardré, 1967 *''

Ulva brevistipita ''Ulva brevistipita'' is a species of blackish-green coloured seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in Australia and New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consist ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva burmanica ''Ulva burmanica'' is a species of seaweed in Ulvaceae family that can be found in Pegu, Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English alth ...

'' (Zeller) De Toni, 1889 *''

Ulva californica ''Ulva californica'' is a species of seaweed, a green alga in the family Ulvaceae, the sea lettuces. This species is found from Alaska to California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Co ...

'' Wille, 1899 *''

Ulva chaetomorphoides ''Ulva chaetomorphoides'' is a species of tropical and benthic seaweed in Ulvaceae family that can be found in Gulf of Mexico and Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its gre ...

'' (Børgesen) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *'' Ulva clathrata'' (Roth) C. Agardh, 1811 *''

Ulva compressa ''Ulva compressa'' is a species of seaweed in Ulvaceae family that can be found in North America, Mediterranean Sea, and throughout Africa and Australia. Description The species is green coloured and is measured in length. Distribution Th ...

'' Linnaeus, 1753 *''

Ulva conglobata ''Ulva conglobata'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found on Jeju Island of Korea, Qingdao province of China and Yokohama, Japan. Description It is in length with rounded edges that are long and are wide. Its b ...

'' Kjellman, 1897 *''

Ulva cornuta Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Lightfoot, 1777 *'' Ulva covelongensis'' V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1969 *''

Ulva crassa ''Ulva crassa'' is a species of blackish-green coloured seaweed in Ulvaceae Ulvaceae () is a widely distributed family of thin green algae having either a flat or a hollow tubular thallus, reproducing by the conjugation of planogametes or of ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva crassimembrana Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (V.J. Chapman) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva curvata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' (Kützing) De Toni, 1889 *''

Ulva denticulata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' P.J.L. Dangeard, 1959 *''

Ulva diaphana Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Hudson, 1778 *'' Ulva elegans'' Gayral, 1960 *''

Ulva enteromorpha Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Le Jolis, 1863 *''

Ulva erecta Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' (

Lyngbye Hans Christian Lyngbye (29 June 1782 – 18 May 1837) was a Danish priest and botanist, specialising in algae. Life Hans Christian Lyngbye was born in Aalborg, Denmark, in 1782, the son of a teacher, Jens Michelsen Lyngbye. He attended the Latin s ...

) Fries *''

Ulva expansa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Setchell) Setchell & N.L. Gardner, 1920 *'' Ulva fasciata'' Delile, 1813 *'' Ulva flexuosa'' Wulfen, 1803 *''

Ulva geminoidea Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva gigantea Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' (Kützing) Bliding, 1969 *''

Ulva grandis ''Ulva grandis'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that is endemic to Kiamari Keamari ( sd, ڪياماڙي, ur, کیماڑی ) is a neighbourhood in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Keamari was originally an independent settlement that ...

'' Saifullah & Nizamuddin, 1977 *''

Ulva hookeriana Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' (Kützing) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland *''

Ulva hopkirkii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (M'Calla ex Harvey) P. Crouan & H. Crouan *''

Ulva howensis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' (A.H.S. Lucas) Kraft, 2007 *'' Ulva indica'' Roth, 1806 *''

Ulva intestinalis ''Ulva intestinalis'' is a green alga in the family Ulvaceae, known by the common names sea lettuce, green bait weed, gutweed and grass kelp. Until they were reclassified by genetic work completed in the early 2000s, the tubular members of t ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

, 1753 *''

Ulva intestinaloides Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (R.P.T. Koeman & Hoek) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva javanica Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' N.L. Burman, 1768 *''

Ulva kylinii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Bliding) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

, 1753 *''

Ulva laetevirens Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' J.E. Areschoug, 1854 *''

Ulva laingii ''Ulva laingii'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (contin ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva linearis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' P.J.L. Dangeard, 1957 *'' Ulva linza''

, 1753 *''

Ulva lippii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' Lamouroux *''

Ulva litoralis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Suhr ex Kützing *''

Ulva littorea Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' Suhr *''

Ulva lobata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' (Kützing) Harvey, 1855 *''

Ulva marginata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (J. Agardh) Le Jolis *''

Ulva micrococca Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' (Kützing) Gobi *''

Ulva mutabilis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Föyn, 1958 *''

Ulva neapolitana Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Bliding, 1960 *''

Ulva nematoidea Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 *''

Ulva ohnoi ''Ulva ohnoi'' is a species of light-green coloured seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that is endemic to Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacifi ...

'' Hiraoka & Shimada, 2004 *''

Ulva olivascens Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' P.J.L. Dangeard *'' Ulva pacifica'' Endlicher *''

Ulva papenfussii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Pham-Hoang Hô, 1969 *''

Ulva parva Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva paschima ''Ulva paschima'' is a green alga in the family Ulvaceae, a green seaweed endemic to the West Coast of India. The species was identified in 2014 based on molecular phylogenetics using ITS sequences as belonging to the “Paschima” clade.Bast F ...

'' Bast *''

Ulva patengensis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Salam & Khan, 1981 *''

Ulva percursa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (C. Agardh) C. Agardh *''

Ulva pertusa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' Kjellman, 1897 *''

Ulva phyllosa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (V.J. Chapman) Papenfuss *''

Ulva polyclada ''Ulva polyclada'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (con ...

'' Kraft, 2007 *''

Ulva popenguinensis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' P.J.L. Dangeard, 1958 *'' Ulva porrifolia'' (S.G. Gmelin) J.F. Gmelin *''

Ulva profunda ''Ulva profunda'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found in US state of Florida, India, and the island of Mauritius. References Further reading

* * Ulvaceae Plants described in 1928 Flora of Florida Flora of In ...

'' W.R. Taylor, 1928 *''

Ulva prolifera ''Ulva prolifera'' is a species of seaweed in the family Ulvaceae that can be found worldwide. Distribution In Europe, it can be found in such countries as Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and ...

'' O.F.Müller, 1778 *'' Ulva pseudocurvata'' Koeman & Hoek, 1981 *''

Ulva pseudolinza Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' (R.P.T. Koeman & Hoek) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva pulchra Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Jaasund, 1976 *''

Ulva quilonensis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' Sindhu & Panikkar, 1995 *''

Ulva radiata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (J. Agardh) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva ralfsii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Harvey) Le Jolis, 1863 *''

Ulva ranunculata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' Kraft & A.J.K. Millar, 2000 *''

Ulva reticulata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' Forsskål, 1775 *'' Ulva rhacodes'' (Holmes) Papenfuss, 1960 *''

Ulva rigida Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' C. Agardh, 1823 *''

Ulva rotundata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Bliding, 1968 *''

Ulva saifullahii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from ...

'' Amjad & Shameel, 1993 *''

Ulva serrata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' A.P.de Candolle *''

Ulva simplex Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (K.L. Vinogradova) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *''

Ulva sorensenii Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' V.J. Chapman, 1956 *''

Ulva spinulosa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Okamura & Segawa, 1936 *''

Ulva stenophylla Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' Setchell & N.L. Gardner, 1920 *'' Ulva sublittoralis'' Segawa, 1938 *''

Ulva subulata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Wulfen) Naccari *''

Ulva taeniata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Setchell) Setchell & N.L. Gardner, 1920 *''

Ulva tanneri Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' H.S. Hayden & J.R. Waaland, 2003 *'' Ulva tenera'' Kornmann & Sahling *'' Ulva torta'' (Mertens) Trevisan, 1841 *'' Ulva tuberosa'' Palisot de Beauvois *''

Ulva uncialis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' (Kützing) Montagne, 1850 *''

Ulva uncinata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' Mohr *''

'' Mertens *'' Ulva usneoides'' Bonnemaison *''

Ulva utricularis Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' (Roth) C. Agardh *''

Ulva utriculosa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed f ...

'' C. Agardh *''

Ulva uvoides Bory Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fr ...

'' de Saint-Vincent *''

Ulva ventricosa Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' A.P.de Candolle ;

Nomina dubia In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

*''

Ulva costata Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Isle of Mull, Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island ...

'' Wollny, 1881 *'' Ulva repens'' Clemente, 1807 *''

Ulva tetragona Ulva (; gd, Ulbha) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed fro ...

'' A.P.de Candolle, 1807 A newly discovered Indian endemic species of ''Ulva'' with tubular thallus indistinguishable from ''Ulva intestinalis'' has been formally established in 2014 as ''

'' Bast. Ten new species have been discovered in New Caledonia: ''Ulva arbuscula'', ''Ulva planiramosa'', ''Ulva batuffolosa'', ''Ulva tentaculosa'', ''Ulva finissima'', ''Ulva pluriramosa'', ''Ulva scolopendra'' and ''Ulva spumosa''. Lagourgue, L ''et al'' 2022 The new species of ''Ulva'' (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) discovered in New Caledonia genetic and morphological and diversity, and bloom potential. ''British Phycological Society'' 57;458 - 478.

References

nissima,

External links

Marine botany: Ulva
*
Toxic seaweed clogs French coas Caledonia: morphological diversity, and blooom potential.t (BBC)
{{Authority control Ulvaceae Edible seaweeds Edible algae Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus