Enough Stupidity For Every Wise Man
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''Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man'' (; translit. Na vsyakogo mudretsa dovolno prostoty), sometimes published in English under the title ''Too Clever By Half'', is a five- act
comedy Comedy is a genre of dramatic works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium. Origins Comedy originated in ancient Greec ...
by
Aleksandr Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (; ) was a Russian playwright, generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period. The author of 47 original plays, Ostrovsky "almost single-handedly created a Russian national repe ...
.Brockett and Hildy (2003, 370). The play's title has been rendered in English in many different ways in the critical literature, including: ''The Diary of a Scoundrel'', which Brockett and Hildy give as an alternative; or simply ''The Scoundrel'', in Gerould (1974, 73); ''Even Wise Men Err'' in Sealey Rahman (199, 174); ''Even a Wise Man Stumbles'', in Magarshack (1950, 309). The play offers a
satirical Satire is a genre of the visual arts, visual, literature, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently Nonfiction, non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ...
treatment of
bigotry Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived social group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived (usually unfavourable) evaluation or classification of another person based on that pers ...
and charts the rise of a double-dealer who manipulates other people's vanities. It is Ostrovsky's best-known comedy in the
West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance langu ...
.


Production history

1868 –
Alexandrinsky Theatre The Alexandrinsky Theatre () or National Drama Theatre of Russia is a theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The Alexandrinsky Theatre was built for the Imperial troupe of Petersburg (Imperial troupe was founded in 1756). Since 1832, the theatre ...
, Saint Petersburg. 1868 – Maly Theatre, Moscow. 1885 –
Korsh Theatre The Russian Drama Korsh Theatre (), commonly known as the Korsh Theatre, was a theatre which functioned in Moscow, Imperial Russia from 1882 until 1917. It was named after its founder, entrepreneur Fyodor Korsh. After the 1917 Revolution it car ...
, Moscow. Russian
theatre director A theatre director or stage director is a professional in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production such as a play, opera, dance, drama, musical theatre performance, etc. by unifying various endeavors a ...
Konstantin Stanislavsky Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski ( rus, Константин Сергеевич Станиславский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ stənʲɪˈslafskʲɪj, links=yes; ; 7 August 1938) was a seminal Russian and Sovie ...
directed the play with his
Moscow Art Theatre The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; , ''Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr'' (МHАТ) was a theatre company in Moscow. It was founded in by the seminal Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski, together with the playwright ...
.Benedetti (1999, 212, 387). The production opened on . Stanislavski played General Krutitsky and Kachalov played Glumov. A production of the play was the most significant of the early
theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors to present experiences of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a Stage (theatre), stage. The performe ...
work of the Russian Soviet
film director A film director or filmmaker is a person who controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfillment of that Goal, vision. The director has a key role ...
Sergei Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein; (11 February 1948) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter, film editor and film theorist. Considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, he was a pioneer in the theory and practice of montage. He is no ...
.Rudnitsky (1988, 96). The playwright Sergei Tretyakov transformed Ostrovsky's text into a
revue A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre, theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance, and sketch comedy, sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural pre ...
(what Eisenstein called a "montage of attractions"), which was entitled ''Wiseman'' (''Mudrets''). Eisenstein and Tretyakov's approach was part of the
Russian avant-garde The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its e ...
Futurist Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futures studies or futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities ...
movement Movement may refer to: Generic uses * Movement (clockwork), the internal mechanism of a timepiece * Movement (sign language), a hand movement when signing * Motion, commonly referred to as movement * Movement (music), a division of a larger co ...
known as " Eccentricism," which sought the "
circus A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicy ...
isation" of the theatre. In celebration of the centennial of Ostrovsky's birth, the production opened in April 1923. It was staged by the First Workers' Theatre of the Prolekult in its theatre in the Arseny Morozov House, an ornate mansion on
Vozdvizhenka Street Vozdvizhenka Street, (), is a radial street connecting Manege Square and Arbat Square in central Arbat District of Moscow, Russia. The street's name refers to a monastery that existed here since 1450 and perished in the Fire of Moscow (1812). I ...
, with a cast that included Maxim Shtraukh,
Ivan Pyryev Ivan Aleksandrovich Pyryev (; – 7 February 1968) was a Soviet and Russian film director, screenwriter, actor and pedagogue remembered as the high priest of Stalinism, Stalinist cinema. He was awarded six USSR State Prize, Stalin Prizes (194 ...
, and
Grigori Aleksandrov Grigori Vasilyevich Aleksandrov (23 January 1903 – 16 December 1983, known by artist name Mormonenko) was a Soviet film director who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1947 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1973. He was awarded the S ...
. Eisenstein drew on popular theatre techniques such as
farce Farce is a comedy that seeks to entertain an audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, ridiculous, absurd, and improbable. Farce is also characterized by heavy use of physical comedy, physical humor; the use of delibe ...
and the ''
commedia dell'arte Commedia dell'arte was an early form of professional theatre, originating from Theatre of Italy, Italian theatre, that was popular throughout Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was formerly called Italian comedy in English and is a ...
'' in his staging, which sought to make every
metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide, or obscure, clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are usually meant to cr ...
concrete and physical; he wrote: A screening of Eisenstein's first film, entitled ''
Glumov's Diary ''Glumov's Diary'' () is a 1923 Soviet silent trick film, which was the first film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. It was conceived as a part of the theatre production of Alexander Ostrovsky’s 1868 comedy '' Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man ...
'', concluded the performance. Writing in 1928, Eisenstein explained that he had aimed "to achieve a revolutionary modernization of Ostrovsky, i.e., a social re-evaluation of his characters, seeing them as they might appear today." Boris Nirenburg and A. Remizova directed an adaptation of the play for television in 1971..


References


Sources

* Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. ''The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.'' Cambridge: Cambridge UP. . * Benedetti, Jean. 1999. ''Stanislavski: His Life and Art''. Revised edition. Original edition published in 1988. London: Methuen. . * Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. ''History of the Theatre''. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. . * Gerould, Daniel. 1974. "Eisenstein's ''Wiseman''." ''The Drama Review'' 18.1 (March): 71–85. *Kleberg, Lars. 1980. ''Theatre as Action: Soviet Russian Avant-Garde Aesthetics''. Trans. Charles Rougle. New Directions in Theatre. London: Macmillan, 1993. . * Kolocotroni, Vassiliki, Jane Goldman, and Olga Taxidou, eds. 1998. ''Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. . * Leach, Robert, and Victor Borovsky, eds. 1999. ''A History of Russian Theatre.'' Cambridge: Cambridge UP. . * Magarshack, David. 1950. ''Stanislavsky: A Life.'' London and Boston: Faber, 1986. . * Rudnitsky, Konstantin. 1988. ''Russian and Soviet Theatre: Tradition and the Avant-Garde''. Trans. Roxane Permar. Ed. Lesley Milne. London: Thames and Hudson. Rpt. as ''Russian and Soviet Theater, 1905–1932''. New York: Abrams. . * Sealey Rahman, Kate. 1999. "Aleksandr Ostrovsky – Dramatist and Director." In Leach and Borovsky (1999, 166–181).


External links

* * {{Authority control 1868 plays Plays by Alexander Ostrovsky