The Enoplia are a subclass of
nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...
s in the class
Enoplea
Enoplea (enopleans) is a Class (biology), class, which with the classes SecernenteaTree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematode, Nematoda in cur ...
.
Description
Enoplians are characterized by
amphids shaped like ovals,
stirrup
A stirrup is a light frame or ring that holds the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, often called a ''stirrup leather''. Stirrups are usually paired and are used to aid in mounting and as a support while using a riding animal ...
s, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The
esophagus
The esophagus (American English), oesophagus (British English), or œsophagus (Œ, archaic spelling) (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, see spelling difference) all ; : ((o)e)(œ)sophagi or ((o)e)(œ)sophaguses), c ...
is cylindrical and glandular.
[Subclass Enoplia.]
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.
Taxonomy
Lorenzen described two
orders
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* H ...
, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of
phylogenetic analysis
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data ...
, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.
[Phylum Nematoda.]
Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.
The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.
*Enoplida
Enoplida is an order of nematodes. It is one of two orders in Enoplia, which is one of two subclasses in Class Enoplea. Filipjev, 1929 – nematodes of marine and brackish water
Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuary ...
habitat, carnivorous or feed on diatom
A diatom (Neo-Latin ''diatoma'') is any member of a large group comprising several Genus, genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms make up a significant portion of Earth's B ...
s and other algae
Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular ...
s
*Triplonchida
Triplonchida is an order of terrestrial nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorg ...
Cobb, 1920 – terrestrial nematodes, including some plant parasites
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...
* Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981
Phylogeny
Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.
References
Bibliography
*
*
*De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
Ecdysozoa subclasses
{{Enoplea-stub