''Engelhardia spicata'' is a species of plant in the
Juglandaceae family. It is recognized to include the variety ''E. spicata'' var. ''integra''
(Kurz) W.E. Manning ex Steen.
Distribution and habitat
Pakistan,
India,
Nepal,
Bhutan,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
,
Thailand,
Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
,
Vietnam,
Malaysia,
Indonesia,
Philippines,
New Guinea. From near sea level to 2100 m, in forests on mountain slopes and in valleys.
In
Java it is found in primary evergreen forests and seems to prefer the mountains up to 2500 m, especially frequent in the ''
Casuarina'' forests on the volcanoes in Central and
East Java. It is known to locally form pure stands on the western side of Mount Jang in
East Java. Similar local dominance has been observed on
Mount Rindjani in
Lombok, it has also been observed pioneering in mountain
savannas composed of ''
Pittosporum'', ''
Homalanthus
''Homalanthus'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824.Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 50 It is the ...
'' gigantheus, ''
Vernonia arborea'', ''
Dodonaea
''Dodonaea'' is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants, often known as hop-bushes, in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, the Americas, s ...
'' and ''
Wendlandia'', It is often
deciduous for a short time and then flowering, not in definite periods.
Fossil record
Pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...
fossils of ''Engelhardia spicata'' have been recovered from
strata
In geology and related fields, a stratum ( : strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as ei ...
of
Messinian
The Messinian is in the geologic timescale the last age or uppermost stage of the Miocene. It spans the time between 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma and 5.333 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). It follows the Tortonian and is followed by the Zanclean, the first ...
stage of the
Miocene epoch in Western
Georgia in the
Caucasus region.
[The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ]
Gallery
Engelhardia spicata AJT Johnsingh P1100584.JPG, ''Engelhardia spicata'' in Ramnagar Forest, Uttarakhand, India
Engelhardia spicata seeds, by Omar Hoftun.jpg, Seeds
File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - L.2096246 - Sixtus, Ernst Philipp - Engelhardtia spicata Blume - Artwork.jpeg, Artwork by Ernst Philipp Sixtus of ''Engelhardia spicata'' flowers
References
spicata
Flora of China
Flora of tropical Asia
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