''Engelhardia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of trees in the family

Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The nine or ten genera in the family have ...

, native to tropical Asia from northern India east to

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

and the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. The genus name is commonly misspelled "''Engelhardtia''", a "correction" made by the original author

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796 – 3 February 1862) was a German-Dutch botanist and entomologist who spent most of his professional life in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. As deputy director of agricul ...

in 1829 and persistent until today, as it was thus entered in the ''

Index Kewensis The 1893 ''Index Kewensis'' (IK), maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is a publication that aims to register all botanical names for seed plants at the rank of species and genera. It later came to include names of taxonomic families and ...

''; the original spelling is ''Engelhardia''.

Fossil record

''Engelhardia'' pollen has been found in deposits of

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

Age in

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

. †''Engelhardia orsbergensis'' leaf fossils have been uncovered from

rhyodacite Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite. It is the extrusive equivalent of those plutonic rocks that are intermediate in composition between monzogranite and granodiorite. Rhyodacites form from rapid ...

tuff Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid rock. Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock co ...

of Lower Miocene age in Southern

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

near the town of

Lučenec Lučenec (; ; ; ; Lelkes György (1992), Magyar helységnév-azonosító szótár, Balassi Kiadó, Budapest, 508 p.) is a town in the Banská Bystrica Region of south-central Slovakia. Historically, it was part, and in the 18th century the capital ...

. †''Engelhardia orsbergensis'' and †''Engelhardia macroptera'' fossils have been uncovered from late Miocene

strata In geology and related fields, a stratum (: strata) is a layer of Rock (geology), rock or sediment characterized by certain Lithology, lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by v ...

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

Species

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

recognised the following species and varieties: *''

Engelhardia apoensis ''Engelhardia apoensis'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for Mount Apo in the Philippines. Description ''Engelhardia apoensis'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . It has buttresses up to high and extending out ...

'' , native to

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...

, the

*''

Engelhardia danumensis ''Engelhardia danumensis'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for the Danum Valley in Borneo. Description ''Engelhardia danumensis'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to , with buttresses. The bark is dark brown. The ...

'' *''

Engelhardia hainanensis ''Engelhardia hainanensis'' is a tree native to Hainan Province, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of c ...

'' , native to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

*''

Engelhardia kinabaluensis ''Engelhardia kinabaluensis'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for Mount Kinabalu in Borneo. Description ''Engelhardia kinabaluensis'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is black to grey. The leaves are ...

'' *''

Engelhardia mendalomensis ''Engelhardia mendalomensis'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for the Mendalom Forest Reserve in Borneo. Description ''Engelhardia mendalomensis'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . It has buttresses up to hig ...

'' *''

Engelhardia mersingensis ''Engelhardia mersingensis'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for Mount Mersing in Borneo. Description ''Engelhardia mersingensis'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . It has tall buttresses. The bark is brown to ...

'' *''

Engelhardia mollis ''Engelhardia'' is a genus of trees in the family Juglandaceae, native to tropical Asia from northern India east to Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines. The genus name is commonly misspelled "''Engelhardtia''", a "correction" made by the origi ...

'' *''

Engelhardia rigida ''Engelhardia rigida'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. The specific epithet ''rigida'' means 'stiff', referring to the leaves. Description ''Engelhardia rigida'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . It has buttresses up to ...

'' , native to

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

, Borneo,

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

, the Philippines *''

Engelhardia roxburghiana ''Engelhardia roxburghiana'' is a tree in the family Juglandaceae. It is named for the Scottish botanist William Roxburgh. Description ''Engelhardia roxburghiana'' grows as a tree measuring up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark i ...

'' *'' Engelhardia serrata'' , native to southwest China,

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...

, and the Philippines **''Engelhardia serrata'' var. ''cambodiana'' **''Engelhardia serrata'' var. ''serrata'' *''

Engelhardia spicata ''Engelhardia spicata'' is a species of plant in the Juglandaceae family. It is recognized to include the variety ''E. spicata'' var. ''integra'' (Kurz) W.E. Manning ex Steen. Distribution and habitat Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhut ...

'' , native to

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

, southern Asia, the Philippines, and New Guinea **''Engelhardia spicata'' var. ''integra'' , Fl. Males. I, 6: 953 (1972); Grierson & Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40: 133. (1982), isonym; syn. var. ''colebrookiana'' (Lindl.) Koorders & Valeton **''Engelhardia spicata'' var. ''spicata''

References

External links

Flora of China: ''Engelhardia''
Engelhardioideae Fagales genera {{Fagales-stub