Energy In Uganda
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Burning of
renewable resource A renewable resource (also known as a flow resource) is a natural resource which will replenish to replace the portion depleted by usage and consumption, either through natural reproduction or other recurring processes in a finite amount of t ...
s provides approximately 90 percent of the energy in
Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...
, though the government is attempting to become energy self-sufficient. While much of the
hydroelectric Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is Electricity generation, electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity, almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, which is more than all other Renewable energ ...
potential of the country is untapped, the government decision to expedite the creation of domestic petroleum capacity coupled with the discovery of large petroleum reserves holds the promise of a significant change in Uganda's status as an energy-importing country.


Background

In the 1980s,
charcoal Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, ca ...
and fuel wood met more than 95 percent of Uganda's energy needs. In 2005 and 2006, low water levels of
Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropics, tropical lake, and the world's second-largest fresh water lake by surface are ...
, the main source of the country's electricity generation potential, led to a generation shortage and an energy crisis. As a result, the country experienced frequent and prolonged blackouts. As of June 2016, according to the
Uganda Bureau of Statistics The Uganda Bureau of Statistics ("UBOS") is an agency of the Ugandan government. Formed by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics Act, 1998, the agency is mandated to "coordinate, monitor and supervise Uganda's National Statistical System". Locatio ...
, about twenty percent of Ugandans had access to electricity. As of February 2015 and according to the Uganda Electricity Regulatory Authority, Uganda's installed electricity capacity was 810 megawatts, with peak demand of 509.4 megawatts so that "the incidence of load shedding due to shortage in supply is now close to zero." , according to Irene Muloni, the Uganda Minister of Energy, the country's generation capacity had increased to 950 megawatts. Uganda expects to have a generating capacity of at least 1,900 megawatts by the end of 2019, as forecast by the Uganda Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development. In March 2018, the
World Bank Group The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. It is the largest and best-known development bank in the world and an observer at the United Nations Development Group ...
estimated that about 26 percent of Uganda's population had access to grid-electricity at that time. In March 2019, the
United States Department of Commerce The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for gathering data for business and governmental decision making, establishing industrial standards, catalyzing econ ...
estimated that 55 percent of Uganda's urban population and about 10 percent of the country's rural population has access to grid electricity then. As of April 2019, generation capacity was 1,167 megawatts, with peak demand of about 625 megawatts and approximately 25 percent national electrification rate. At that time, an estimated 1,000 new customers were requesting grid power connection on a daily basis, with over 1.3 million existing
Umeme Umeme Limited was the largest energy distributor in Uganda, distributing about 97 percent of all electricity used in the country. The shares of the stock of the company are listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) and are cross listed on ...
connections. As of October 2019, the Uganda Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development estimated that 28 percent of Uganda's population had access to electricity. In September 2019, Uganda signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) with Russia to build capacity to exploit nuclear technology for energy, medical and other peaceful purposes. As of March 2022, the national electricity sources were as illustrated in the table below: In December 2023, ''PML Daily'', a Ugandan online publication reported that at that time, the national generation capacity was 1,346 megawatts, with a national electrification rate of 42 percent, which was expanding at an average rate of 3 percent annually. The national
peak demand Peak demand on an electrical grid is the highest electrical power demand that has occurred over a specified time period (Gönen 2008). Peak demand is typically characterized as annual, daily or seasonal and has the unit of power. Peak demand, pe ...
for February 2023 was reported as 863 MW. As of December 2023, national generation capacity was approximately 1,350 megawatts, with maximum demand of 988 MW, of which 868 MW was national consumption and 120 MW was export demand. In September 2024, the 600 MW
Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station The Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station is an operational 600 MW hydroelectric power station in Uganda. It is the largest power-generating installation in the country. Location The power station is located on the Victoria Nile, at the forme ...
was commercially commissioned, bringing national generation capacity to about 2,007 megawatts.


Greenhouse gas targets

Uganda aims to lower its greenhouse gas emissions by enacting measures in its energy, forestry and wetland sectors. Uganda's greenhouse gas emissions per capita is 1.39 tons carbon dioxide, one of the lowest in the world. The country aims to reduce its carbon emissions by 22 percent by 2030.


Hydroelectricity

The country's hydropower potential is an estimated 2,200 megawatts. Poor maintenance during the politically unstable 1980s resulted in a drop in production at the Owen Falls Dam (now
Nalubaale Power Station Nalubaale Power Station, formerly known as Owen Falls Dam, is a hydroelectric power station across the White Nile near its source at Lake Victoria in Uganda. ''Nalubaale'' is the Luganda name for Lake Victoria. Location The dam sits across the N ...
), at the mouth of the White Nile, from 635.5 million kilowatt-hours in 1986 to 609.9 million kilowatt-hours in 1987, with six of ten generators broken by the end of 1988. The 200 megawatt
Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric power station in Uganda, with an installed capacity of . Location The power station is located at Kimaka, a northern suburb of Jinja, in Jinja District, in the Eastern Region of Uganda, ap ...
, built adjacent to the Nalubaale Power Station, raised total production capacity to 380 megawatts. Between 2007 and 2012, the 250 megawatt
Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station The Bujagali Power Station is a hydroelectric power station across the Victoria Nile that harnesses the energy of its namesake, the Bujagali Falls, in Uganda. Construction began in 2007 and concluded in 2012. It was officially inaugurated on ...
was constructed as a public-private project, at a cost of approximately US$862 million. The consortium that owns the station includes the
Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development SA is a Swiss for-profit entity and international development finance institution which invests in countries of East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland. I ...
,
SN Power SN Power is a defunct company that invests in clean, renewable energy on a commercial basis in emerging markets. SN Power was acquired by Scatec on 29 January 2021. History The company was established in 2002. Along with Norfund, the Norwegia ...
(a subsidiary of the Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries), and the
government of Uganda The politics of Uganda occurs in an Authoritarianism, authoritarian context. Since assuming office in 1986 at the end of the Ugandan Bush War, Ugandan civil war, Yoweri Museveni has ruled Uganda as an Autocracy, autocrat. Political party, Politi ...
.
Bujagali Energy Limited Bujagali Energy Limited (BEL) is a hydropower generating company in Uganda. The company owns and operates the Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station, the largest hydropower plant in the country as of July 2014. Overview BEL is a single purpose co ...
is a special-vehicle company created to run the power station on behalf of the shareholders. In October 2013, construction of the 183 megawatt Isimba Power Station began, approximately downstream of Bujagali, at a budgeted cost of approximately US$590 million, as a public enterprise with funding from the Export-Import Bank of China. Commissioning was planned during the second half of 2018. However, construction was completed in January 2019, and commercial operations began in March 2019. Also in 2013, work on the 600 megawatt
Karuma Power Station The Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station is an operational 600 MW hydroelectric power station in Uganda. It is the largest power-generating installation in the country. Location The power station is located on the Victoria Nile, at the forme ...
commenced at a budgeted cost of about US$2 billion, including US$250 million to build the high-voltage transmission lines to evacuate the generated power. Completion was planned for late 2018. However, a more realistic completion date is in late 2019 or early 2020. , about six operational mini-hydropower plants are connected to the national electricity grid, supplying about 65 megawatts. These include Nyagak I (3.5 megawatts), Kabalega (9 megawatts),
Kanungu Kanungu is a town in the Western Region of Uganda. It is the location of the district headquarters for Kanungu District. Location Kanungu is located approximately , on a winding dirt road, southwest of the town of Rukungiri, the nearest large ...
(6.6 megawatts), Bugoye (13 megawatts), Mubuku I (5 megawatts), Mubuku III (10 megawatts), and
Mpanga Mpanga is a location on River Mpanga in Kitagwenda county, Kitagwenda District in Western Uganda. Location Mpanga is located in Kitagwenda District, in the Western Region of Uganda, adjacent to where River Mpanga empties into Lake George. T ...
(18 megawatts).


Thermal power

Two
heavy fuel oil Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency. Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO contains seve ...
thermal power station A thermal power station, also known as a thermal power plant, is a type of power station in which the heat energy generated from various fuel sources (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, etc.) is converted to electrical energy. The heat ...
s exist in the country.
Namanve Power Station Namanve Power Station is a 50 MW heavy fuel oil-fired thermal power plant in Uganda. Sometimes the power station is referred to as Kiwanga Power Station. Location The power plant is located in a locality known as Kiwanga, in Namanve in Muk ...
is a 50 megawatt plant formerly owned by Jacobsen Electricity Company (Uganda) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary o
Jacobsen Elektro
an independent Norwegian power production company. The plant cost US$92 million (€66 million) to build in 2008. The power station reverted to
Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited The Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited (UEGCL) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to generate electric power for use in Uganda and for sale to neighboring countries. As of December 2017, UEGCL's generation capacity was 38 ...
in February 2022. Tororo Power Station is an 89 megawatt heavy fuel-oil powered plant owned by Electro-Maxx Limited, a Ugandan company and a subsidiary of the Simba Group of Companies, owned by Ugandan industrialist
Patrick Bitature Patrick Bitature is a Ugandan businessman, entrepreneur and author. He was the second wealthiest Ugandan after Sudhir Ruparelia. Patrick is the founder, chairman and Group CEO of the Simba Group of Companies which is primarily based in East Afr ...
. This plant is licensed to sell up to 50 megawatts to the national electricity grid. Namanve and Tororo are used as stand-by power sources to avoid load-shedding when hydropower generation fails to meet demand. Five sugar manufacturers in Uganda have total cogeneration capacity of about 110 megawatts, of which about 50 percent is available for sale to the national grid. The cogeneration power plants and their generation capacities include Kakira Power Station (52 megawatts), Kinyara Power Station (40 megawatts), Lugazi Power Station (14 megawatts), Kaliro Power Station (12 megawatts) and Mayuge Thermal Power Station (1.6 megawatts).


Oil and natural gas

Uganda is highly vulnerable to oil price shocks as it imports almost all of its of oil (2013 figure). The oil comes through the
Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
n port of
Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital status in 1907. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...
. The governments of Kenya, Uganda, and
Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...
are jointly developing the Kenya–Uganda–Rwanda Petroleum Products Pipeline to carry refined petroleum products from Mombasa through
Nairobi Nairobi is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Kenya. The city lies in the south-central part of Kenya, at an elevation of . The name is derived from the Maasai language, Maasai phrase , which translates to 'place of cool waters', a ...
to
Eldoret Eldoret is a city in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. It serves as the capital of Uasin Gishu County. Located in western Kenya and lying south of the Cherangani Hills, the local elevation varies from about at the Eldoret International Air ...
, all in Kenya. From Eldoret, the pipeline will continue through Malaba to
Kampala Kampala (, ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Uganda. The city proper has a population of 1,875,834 (2024) and is divided into the five political divisions of Kampala Central Division, Kampala, Kawempe Division, Kawempe, Makindy ...
in Uganda, continuing on to
Kigali Kigali () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Rwanda. It is near the nation's geographic centre in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. As a primate city, Kigali is a relativ ...
in Rwanda. The feasibility study for the Eldoret to Kampala pipeline extension was awarded to an international firm in 1997. The study was completed in 1998 and the report submitted the following year. The separate feasibility study for the Kampala to Kigali extension was awarded to the
East African Community The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation in East Africa. The EAC's membership consists of eight states: Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Federal Republic of Somalia, the Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, S ...
in September 2011. The governments of Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda accepted the findings of the studies. The construction contract was initially awarded, in 2007, to Tamoil, a company owned by the
Government of Libya Muammar Gaddafi bequeths a "Shallow State" The politics of Libya has been shaped by the "shallow state" ceded by former authoritarian leader Muammar Gaddafi, who was overthrown in 2011 in the midst of the Arab revolutions; apart from being ...
. That contract was voided in 2012 after the company failed to implement the project. , fourteen companies had submitted bids to construct the pipeline extension from Kenya to Rwanda. Construction was expected to begin in 2014, with a 32-month construction time-frame. Commissioning was expected in 2016. In 2006, Uganda confirmed the existence of commercially viable petroleum reserves in the
Western Rift Valley The Albertine Rift is the western branch of the East African Rift, covering parts of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania. It extends from the northern end of Lake Albert to the southern end of Lake Tan ...
around Lake Albert. In June 2006, Hardman Resources of Australia discovered
oil sands Oil sands are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. They are either loose sands, or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with bitumen (a dense and extremely viscous ...
at Waranga 1, Waranga 2, and Mputa. President
Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and Officer (armed forces), military officer who is the ninth and current president of Uganda since 1986. As of 2025, he is the third-List of current state lead ...
announced that he expected production of to by 2009. In July 2007, Heritage Oil, one of several companies prospecting around Lake Albert, raised its estimate for the Kingfisher well (block 3A) in
Hoima District Hoima District is a Districts of Uganda, district in Western Region, Uganda, Western Uganda. Like most other Ugandan districts, it is named after its main municipal centre, Hoima. Location Hoima District is bordered by Buliisa District to th ...
,
Bunyoro sub-region Bunyoro sub-region is a region in Western Uganda that consists of the following districts: * Buliisa District * Hoima District * Kagadi District * Kakumiro District * Kibaale District * Kikuube District * Kiryandongo District * Masindi Distr ...
, stating that they thought it was bigger than of crude. Heritage's partner,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
-based
Tullow Oil Tullow Oil plc is a multinational oil and gas exploration company founded in Tullow, Ireland, with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange. History The company was founded by Aidan Hea ...
, which had bought Hardman Resources, was more guarded, but stated their confidence that the Albertine Basin as a whole contained over one billion barrels. The Kingfisher-1 well flowed of 30-32
API An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build ...
oil. This news came on the heels of Tullow's 11 July 2007 report that the Nzizi 2 appraisal well confirmed the presence of per day of
natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...
. Heritage in a report to its partners talked of Ugandan reserves of worth $7 billion as the "most exciting new play in sub-Saharan Africa in the past decade." However, development will require a pipeline to the coast, which will need $80 oil to justify. Relations between Uganda and the neighboring
Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t ...
(DRC) have been tense since the discovery of oil, as both countries seek to clarify the border delineation on the lake in their favor, in particular the ownership of small Rukwanzi Island. Ugandan foreign minister
Sam Kutesa Sam Kahamba Kutesa (born 1 February 1949) is a Ugandan politician, businessman and lawyer involved in several corruption cases. By the marriage of his daughter Charlotte Kutesa Muhoozi with Muhoozi he became part of the inner circle of preside ...
made an emergency visit to
Kinshasa Kinshasa (; ; ), formerly named Léopoldville from 1881–1966 (), is the Capital city, capital and Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa is one of the world's fastest-grow ...
in an attempt to smooth tensions. ''
The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British newspaper published weekly in printed magazine format and daily on Electronic publishing, digital platforms. It publishes stories on topics that include economics, business, geopolitics, technology and culture. M ...
'' magazine, noting that the DRC has assigned exploration blocks on its side of the border, proposed that the situation should sort itself amicably: Uganda needs a stable and secure border in order to attract foreign investment developing the oil reserves, while the cost of transporting the oil to the DRC's sole port at
Matadi Matadi is the chief sea port of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the capital of the Kongo Central province, adjacent to the border with Angola. It had a population of 245,862 (2004). Matadi is situated on the left bank of the Congo River, ...
is so prohibitive that the Congolese government is nearly obliged to seek pipeline access through Uganda. After an initial period of disagreement between the
Government of Uganda The politics of Uganda occurs in an Authoritarianism, authoritarian context. Since assuming office in 1986 at the end of the Ugandan Bush War, Ugandan civil war, Yoweri Museveni has ruled Uganda as an Autocracy, autocrat. Political party, Politi ...
and the petroleum exploration companies, the two sides agreed in April 2013 to simultaneously build a crude oil pipeline to the
Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
n coast (
Uganda–Kenya Crude Oil Pipeline The Uganda–Kenya Crude Oil Pipeline (UKCOP) was a proposed pipeline to transport crude oil from Uganda's oil fields in the Northern and Western Regions to the Kenyan port of Lamu on the Indian Ocean. Along the way, the pipeline would have pick ...
) and an oil refinery in Uganda (
Uganda Oil Refinery The Uganda Oil Refinery is a planned crude oil refinery in Kabaale village, on the Eastern shore of Lake Albert along the Hoima–Kaiso–Tonya Road, Buseruka Sub-county, Hoima District, Western Region, Uganda, near the border with the Democrat ...
). In February 2015, the Ugandan government selected the consortium led by Russia's RT Global Resources as the winning bidder, to construct the refinery. The government was expected to begin in-depth negotiations with the winning bidder for a binding agreement to construct the refinery. The negotiations were expected to last about 60 days. If the parties failed to agree on terms, the government planned to negotiate with the losing bidder, the consortium led by SK Energy of South Korea, to construct the refinery. When those talks broke down in July 2016, Uganda began talks with the reserve bidder, the consortium led by SK Engineering & Construction of South Korea. In August 2017, negotiations with the consortium led by SK Engineering & Construction also broke down. Negotiations were then started with a new consortium led by Guangzhou Dongsong Energy Group, a Chinese company. Those talks collapsed in June 2017 when CPECC, the main contractor in the consortium, pulled out of the talks. In August 2017, Albertine Graben Refinery Consortium, a new consortium led by
General Electric General Electric Company (GE) was an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the New York (state), state of New York and headquartered in Boston. Over the year ...
(GE) of the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
agreed to build the US$4 billion refinery. GE is to own 60 percent, while the government of Uganda and other investors take up the remaining 40 percent. Total SA, has pledged to take up a 10 percent stake in the refinery. In December 2017, Irene Muloni, Uganda's Energy Minister announced that the country planned to join the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC ) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize Profit (eco ...
(OPEC), by 2020, when first oil is expected.


Solar energy

The solar energy resource potential is an estimated 5.1 kilowatt-hours per square meter. To diversify the national energy pool, the
Electricity Regulatory Authority The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) is a government agency that regulates, licenses, and supervises the generation, transmission, distribution, sale, export, and importation of electrical energy in Uganda. Location The offices of the ER ...
in December 2014 licensed two solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts. The stations, Tororo Solar Power Station and Soroti Solar Power Station, were expected to come online no later than December 2015. In December 2016, Soroti Solar Power Station was completed and connected to the national grid. Tororo Solar Power Station was also brought online in October 2017. In January 2019,
Kabulasoke Solar Power Station The Xsabo Group's pilot solar power plant in Kabulasoke, also known as Kabulasole Solar Power Station or Namulaba Solar Power Station, is a solar power plant in Uganda. Location The power station is in the Namulaba Village, Butiti Parish, Kab ...
, a 20 megawatt development by a private IPP was commissioned and connected to the national grid.
Mayuge Solar Power Station Mayuge Solar Power Station, also Bufulubi Solar Power Station, is an operational solar power plant in Uganda. Location The power plant is located on of leased land in Bufulubi Village, Imanyiro sub-county, Mayuge District, in the Eastern Re ...
, another 10 megawatts IPP project, that cost USh 41 billion (approx. US$11.3 million), to build, came online in June 2019, bringing total grid-connected solar energy to 50 megawatts nationally.


Power sales to neighboring countries

As of May 2024, Kenya was in discussions with Uganda to establish a power purchase agreement, where Uganda would commit to sell electric power to her eastern neighbor at a fixed price, on a long-term basis. At that time, Uganda had about 350 MW in excess installed generation, with another 600 MW (
Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station The Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station is an operational 600 MW hydroelectric power station in Uganda. It is the largest power-generating installation in the country. Location The power station is located on the Victoria Nile, at the forme ...
) expected to come online in the next 6 months.


See also

* Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development * Electricity Regulatory Authority (Uganda) *
List of power stations in Uganda A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...
*
Eastern Africa Power Pool The Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP), is a collaborative effort by eleven countries in Eastern Africa to interconnect their electricity grids and take advantage of excess capacity within the network and facilitate trade of electric power between ...
* Nuclear power in Uganda


References


External links


Electricity Regulatory Authority

Uganda Ministry of Energy and Minerals


As of 19 December 2017.

As of 21 April 2018. {{Africa topic, Energy in Environment of Uganda Politics of Uganda