Indonesia has more

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

birds than any other country.

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of

biodiversity Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distribut ...

(after Brazil). Most endemic birds are in the

Wallacea Wallacea is a biogeography, biogeographical designation for a group of mainly list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australia (continent), Australian continental shelf, continental ...

region of eastern Indonesia.

Sulawesi Sulawesi ( ), also known as Celebes ( ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the List of islands by area, world's 11th-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Min ...

supports twelve endemic bird

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

. Of all Indonesian endemic birds, about sixty-one species are threatened: thirty-seven species are listed as vulnerable, twenty-three are

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, inv ...

and eleven species are listed as critical on the

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological spe ...

Conservation status

Craciformes

Megapodiidae

* ''Aepypodius bruijnii'' ( Bruijn's brush-turkey) - EN * ''Talegalla cuvieri'' ( red-billed brush-turkey) - LC * ''Macrocephalon maleo'' ( maleo) - EN * ''Eulipoa wallacei'' ( Moluccan scrubfowl) - VU * ''Megapodius bernsteinii'' ( Sula scrubfowl) - NT * ''Megapodius tenimberensis'' ( Tanimbar scrubfowl) - NE * ''Megapodius geelvinkianus'' ( Biak scrubfowl) - VU

Galliformes Galliformes is an order (biology), order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey (bird), turkeys, chickens, Old World quail, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems ...

Phasianidae Phasianidae is a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, grouse, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hu ...

* ''Anurophasis monorthonyx'' ( Snow Mountain quail) - NT * ''Arborophila orientalis'' ( white-faced hill-partridge) - VU * ''Arborophila javanica'' ( chestnut-bellied partridge) - LC * ''Arborophila rubrirostris'' ( red-billed partridge) - LC * ''Gallus varius'' (

green junglefowl The green junglefowl (''Gallus varius''), also known as Javan junglefowl, forktail or green Javanese junglefowl, is the most distantly related and the first to diverge at least 4 million years ago among the four species of the junglefowl. ...

) - LC * ''Lophura hoogerwerfi'' ( Hoogerwerf's pheasant) - VU * ''Lophura inornata'' ( Salvadori's pheasant) - VU * ''Polyplectron chalcurum'' ( bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant) - LC

Falconiformes The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae, Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families New World vulture, Cathartidae (New World v ...

Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of Diurnality, diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order (biology), order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America d ...

* ''Falco moluccensis'' ( spotted kestrel) - LC

Accipitridae The Accipitridae () is one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds of prey with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects ...

* ''Spilornis rufipectus'' ( Sulawesi serpent eagle) - LC * ''Accipiter griseiceps'' ( Sulawesi goshawk) - LC * ''Accipiter trinotatus'' ( spot-tailed goshawk) - LC * ''Accipiter henicogrammus'' ( Moluccan goshawk) - LC * ''Accipiter nanus'' ( small sparrowhawk) - NT * ''Accipiter erythrauchen'' ( rufous-necked sparrowhawk) - LC * ''Accipiter rhodogaster'' ( vinous-breasted sparrowhawk) - LC * ''Nisaetus floris'' ( Flores hawk-eagle) - EN * ''Nisaetus bartelsi'' ( Javan hawk-eagle) - EN * ''Nisaetus lanceolatus'' ( Sulawesi hawk-eagle) - LC

Gruiformes The Gruiformes ( ) are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that ...

Rallidae Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes ...

* ''Rallina leucospila'' ( white-striped forest-rail) - NT * ''Gallirallus sharpei'' ( Sharpe's rail) - DD * ''Gallirallus wallacii'' ( invisible rail) - VU * ''Aramidopsis plateni'' ( snoring rail) - VU * ''Gymnocrex rosenbergii'' ( blue-faced rail) - VU * ''Gymnocrex talaudensis'' ( Talaud rail) - EN * ''Amaurornis isabellinus'' ( isabelline waterhen) - LC * ''Amaurornis magnirostris'' (

Talaud bush-hen The Talaud bush-hen (''Amaurornis magnirostris'') is a vulnerable waterbird in the rail and crake family. It is a recently described species from Karakelang Island in the Talaud Islands, Indonesia. It occurs in forest, scrub, and overgrown pla ...

) - NE

Turniciformes

Turnicidae

* ''Turnix everetti'' ( Sumba buttonquail) - VU

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from '' Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water ...

Charadriidae

* ''Vanellus macropterus'' ( Javanese lapwing) - CR * ''Charadrius javanicus'' ( Javan plover) - NT

Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

* ''Scolopax saturata'' ( Javan woodcock) - NT * ''Scolopax celebensis'' ( Sulawesi woodcock) - NT * ''Scolopax rochussenii'' ( Moluccan woodcock) - EN

Columbiformes

Columbidae Columbidae is a bird Family (biology), family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the Order (biology), order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in ...

* ''Turacoena manadensis'' ( white-faced cuckoo-dove) - LC * ''Geopelia maugeus'' ( barred dove) - LC * ''Gallicolumba tristigmata'' ( Sulawesi ground dove) - LC * ''Goura cristata'' ( western crowned-pigeon) - VU * ''Treron griseicauda'' ( grey-cheeked green pigeon) - LC * ''Treron floris'' ( Flores green pigeon) - VU * ''Treron teysmannii'' ( Sumba green pigeon) - NT * ''Treron oxyurus'' ( Sumatran green pigeon) - NT * ''Ptilinopus porphyreus'' ( pink-headed fruit-dove) - LC * ''Ptilinopus dohertyi'' ( red-naped fruit-dove) - VU * ''Ptilinopus fischeri'' ( red-eared fruit-dove) - LC * ''Ptilinopus subgularis'' ( maroon-chinned fruit-dove) - NT * ''Ptilinopus bernsteinii'' ( scarlet-breasted fruit-dove) - LC * ''Ptilinopus wallacii'' ( Wallace's fruit-dove) - LC * ''Ptilinopus monacha'' ( blue-capped fruit-dove) - NT * ''Ptilinopus hyogastrus'' ( grey-headed fruit-dove) - LC * ''Ptilinopus granulifrons'' ( carunculated fruit-dove) - VU * ''Ducula concinna'' ( elegant imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula forsteni'' ( white-bellied imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula radiata'' ( grey-headed imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula perspicillata'' ( spectacled imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula myristicivora'' ( spice imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula basilica'' ( cinnamon-bellied imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula lacernulata'' ( dark-backed imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Ducula luctuosa'' ( silver-tipped imperial pigeon) - LC * ''Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa'' ( sombre pigeon) - LC * ''Gymnophaps mada'' ( Buru mountain pigeon) - LC

Psittaciformes

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family of parrots, commonly known as Old World parrots, though this term is a misnomer, as not all its members occur in the Old World and Psittacinae also occurs in the Old World. It consists of six subfamilies: Psittricha ...

* ''Loriculus stigmatus'' ( Sulawesi hanging-parrot) - LC * ''Loriculus amabilis'' ( Moluccan hanging-parrot) - LC * ''Loriculus sclateri'' ( Sula hanging-parrot) - LC * ''Loriculus catamene'' ( Sangihe hanging-parrot) - EN * ''Loriculus exilis'' ( red-billed hanging-parrot) - NT * ''Loriculus pusillus'' ( yellow-throated hanging-parrot) - NT * ''Loriculus flosculus'' ( Flores hanging-parrot) - EN * ''Micropsitta geelvinkiana'' ( Geelvink pygmy-parrot) - NT * ''Cacatua moluccensis'' ( salmon-crested cockatoo) - VU * ''Cacatua alba'' ( white cockatoo) - VU * ''Cacatua goffiniana'' ( Tanimbar cockatoo) - NT * ''Chalcopsitta atra'' ( black lory) - LC * ''Eos histrio'' ( red-and-blue lory) - EN * ''Eos squamata'' (

violet-necked lory The violet-necked lory (''Eos squamata'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is found in the northern Maluku Islands and West Papua (province), west Papuan islands. Its natural habitats are tr ...

) - LC * ''Eos bornea'' (

red lory The red lory (''Eos bornea'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is the second-most commonly kept lory in captivity, after the rainbow lorikeet. Taxonomy In 1751 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration ...

) - LC * ''Eos reticulata'' ( blue-streaked lory) - NT * ''Eos cyanogenia'' ( black-winged lory) - VU * ''Eos semilarvata'' ( blue-eared lory) - LC * ''Trichoglossus ornatus'' ( ornate lorikeet) - LC * ''Saudareos meyeri'' ( yellow-cheeked lorikeet) - LC * ''Saudareos flavoviridis'' ( Sula lorikeet) - LC * ''Lorius garrulus'' ( chattering lory) - EN * ''Lorius domicella'' ( purple-naped lory) - VU * ''Charmosynopsis toxopei'' (

blue-fronted lorikeet The blue-fronted lorikeet (''Charmosynopsis toxopei'') also known as the Buru lorikeet, is a parrot endemic to the Indonesian island of Buru. Taxonomy This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Charmosyna''. It was moved to the resurrecte ...

) - CR * ''Prioniturus flavicans'' ( yellowish-breasted racquet-tail) - NT * ''Prioniturus platurus'' ( golden-mantled racquet-tail) - LC * ''Prioniturus mada'' ( Buru racquet-tail) - LC * ''Tanygnathus gramineus'' ( black-lored parrot) - VU * ''Tanygnathus megalorynchos'' ( great-billed parrot ) - LC * ''Alisterus amboinensis'' ( Moluccan king-parrot) - LC * ''Psittaculirostris salvadorii'' ( Salvadori's fig-parrot) - VU

Cuculiformes

Cuculidae

* ''Cuculus crassirostris'' ( Sulawesi hawk-cuckoo) - LC * ''Cacomantis aeruginosus'' ( Moluccan cuckoo) - NT * ''Chrysococcyx crassirostris'' ( pied bronze-cuckoo) - LC * ''Eudynamys melanorhynchus'' (

black-billed koel The black-billed koel (''Eudynamys melanorhynchus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is Endemism, endemic to forest and woodland on the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi, Sula Islands, Sula, Banggai Island, Banggai, Togian Island ...

) - LC * ''Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus'' ( yellow-billed malkoha) - LC * ''Carpococcyx viridis'' ( Sumatran ground cuckoo) - CR * ''Centropus goliath'' ( Goliath coucal) - LC * ''Centropus spilopterus'' ( Kai coucal) - LC * ''Centropus chalybeus'' ( Biak coucal) - NT * ''Centropus nigrorufus'' ( Sunda coucal) - VU * ''Centropus celebensis'' ( bay coucal) - LC

Strigiformes

Tytonidae The bird family Tytonidae, which includes the barn owls ''Tyto'' and the bay owls ''Phodilus'', is one of the two Family (biology), families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, True owl, Strigidae. They are medium to large owl ...

* ''Tyto inexspectata'' ( Sulawesi golden owl) - VU * ''Tyto almae'' ( Seram masked owl) - NE * ''Tyto nigrobrunnea'' ( Taliabu masked owl) - EN * ''Tyto sororcula'' ( Moluccan masked owl) - DD * ''Tyto rosenbergii'' ( Sulawesi owl) - LC

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

* ''Otus umbra'' ( Simeulue scops-owl) - NT * ''Otus angelinae'' ( Javan scops-owl) - VU * ''Otus manadensis'' ( Sulawesi scops-owl) - LC * ''Otus collari'' ( Sangihe scops-owl) - LC * ''Otus alfredi'' ( Flores scops-owl) - EN * ''Otus siaoensis'' ( Siau scops-owl) - CR * ''Otus enganensis'' ( Enggano scops-owl) - NT * ''Otus beccarii'' ( Biak scops-owl) - EN * ''Otus mentawi'' ( Mentawai scops-owl) - NT * ''Otus silvicola'' ( Wallace's scops-owl) - LC * ''Glaucidium castanopterum'' ( Javan owlet) - LC * ''Ninox rudolfi'' ( Sumba boobook) - NT * ''Ninox sumbaensis'' ( least boobook) - NT * ''Ninox ios'' ( cinnabar boobook) - VU * ''Ninox ochracea'' ( ochre-bellied boobook) - NT * ''Ninox burhani'' ( Togian boobook) - NE * ''Ninox punctulata'' ( speckled boobook) - LC

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food ...

Caprimulgidae

* ''Eurostopodus diabolicus'' ( Satanic nightjar) - VU * ''Caprimulgus celebensis'' ( Sulawesi nightjar) - LC * ''Caprimulgus meesi'' ( Mees's nightjar ) - LC * ''Caprimulgus pulchellus'' ( Salvadori's nightjar) - NT

Aegothelidae

* ''Aegotheles crinifrons'' ( long-whiskered owlet-nightjar) - LC * ''Aegotheles affinis'' ( Vogelkop owlet-nightjar) - DD

Apodiformes The Apodiformes is an Order (biology), order, or Taxonomy, taxonomic grouping, of Bird, birds which traditionally contained three living Family (biology), families—the Swift (bird), Apodidae (swifts), the Treeswift, Hemiprocnidae (treeswifts), ...

Apodidae The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts ar ...

* ''Collocalia infuscata'' ( Moluccan swiftlet) - LC * ''Collocalia vulcanorum'' ( volcano swiftlet) - NT

Trogoniformes

Trogonidae

* ''Apalharpactes reinwardtii'' ( Javan trogon) - EN * ''Apalharpactes mackloti'' ( Sumatran trogon) - LC

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their b ...

Coraciidae Coraciidae () is a family of Old World birds, which are known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. The family contains 13 species and is divided into two genera. Rollers ...

* ''Coracias temminckii'' (

purple-winged roller The purple-winged roller (''Coracias temminckii'') is a species of bird in the family Coraciidae. It is endemic to the Sulawesi subregion in Indonesia and can be found on the islands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung. I ...

) - LC * ''Eurystomus azureus'' ( purple dollarbird) - VU

Alcedinidae

* ''Actenoides monachus'' ( green-backed kingfisher) - NT * ''Actenoides princeps'' ( scaly kingfisher) - LC * ''Tanysiptera ellioti'' ( Kofiau paradise-kingfisher) - DD * ''Tanysiptera riedelii'' ( Biak paradise-kingfisher) - NT * ''Tanysiptera carolinae'' ( Numfor paradise-kingfisher) - NT * ''Cittura cyanotis'' ( lilac-cheeked kingfisher) - NT * ''Caridonax fulgidus'' ( white-rumped kingfisher) - LC * ''Pelargopsis melanorhyncha'' ( black-billed kingfisher) - LC * ''Halcyon cyanoventris'' (

Javan kingfisher The Javan kingfisher (''Halcyon cyanoventris''), sometimes called the blue-bellied kingfisher or Java kingfisher, is a medium-sized kingfisher (subfamily Halcyoninae) endemic to the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. The brightly-colored Java ...

) - LC * ''Todirhamphus diops'' ( blue-and-white kingfisher) - LC * ''Todirhamphus lazuli'' ( lazuli kingfisher) - NT * ''Todirhamphus funebris'' ( sombre kingfisher) - VU * ''Todirhamphus enigma'' ( Talaud kingfisher) - NT * ''Ceyx fallax'' ( Sulawesi kingfisher) - NT * ''Alcedo coerulescens'' ( small blue kingfisher) - LC * ''Actenoides capucinus'' ( black-headed kingfisher) - CR

Meropidae

* ''Meropogon forsteni'' ( purple-bearded bee-eater) - LC

Bucerotiformes

Bucerotidae Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny casque on the upper ...

* ''Penelopides exarhatus'' ( Sulawesi hornbill) - LC * ''Aceros cassidix'' ( knobbed hornbill) - LC * ''Aceros everetti'' ( Sumba hornbill) - VU

Piciformes

Ramphastidae

* ''Megalaima corvina'' ( brown-throated barbet) - LC * ''Megalaima javensis'' ( black-banded barbet) - NT * ''Megalaima armillaris'' ( flame-fronted barbet) - LC

Picidae

* ''Dendrocopos temminckii'' ( Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker) - LC * ''Mulleripicus fulvus'' ( ashy woodpecker) - LC

Passeriformes A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their ...

Pittidae

* ''Pitta schneideri'' ( Schneider's pitta) - VU * ''Pitta maxima'' ( ivory-breasted pitta) - LC * ''Pitta dohertyi'' ( Sula pitta) - NT * ''Pitta venusta'' ( graceful pitta) - VU * ''Pitta elegans'' ( elegant pitta) - LC

Ptilonorhynchidae Bowerbirds () make up the bird family (biology), family Ptilonorhynchidae. They are renowned for their unique courtship behaviour, where males build a structure and decorate it with sticks and brightly coloured objects in an attempt to attract a ...

* ''Amblyornis inornata'' ( Vogelkop bowerbird) - LC * ''Amblyornis flavifrons'' ( golden-fronted bowerbird) - LC

Meliphagidae The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family (biology), family, Meliphagidae, of small to medium-sized birds. The family includes the Epthianura, Australian chats, myzomelas, friarbirds, wattlebirds, Manorina, miners and melidectes. They are m ...

* ''Oreornis chrysogenys'' ( orange-cheeked honeyeater) - LC * ''Melitograis gilolensis'' ( white-streaked friarbird) - LC * ''Philemon brassi'' ( Brass's friarbird) - NT * ''Philemon fuscicapillus'' ( dusky friarbird) - VU * ''Philemon moluccensis'' ( black-faced friarbird) - LC * ''Philemon subcorniculatus'' ( grey-necked friarbird) - LC * ''Melipotes gymnops'' ( Arfak honeyeater) - LC * ''Melidectes leucostephes'' ( Vogelkop melidectes) - LC * ''Ptiloprora erythropleura'' ( rufous-sided honeyeater) - LC * ''Myza celebensis'' ( dark-eared myza) - LC * ''Myza sarasinorum'' ( white-eared myza) - LC * ''Lichmera lombokia'' ( scaly-crowned honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera argentauris'' ( olive honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera limbata'' ( Indonesian honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera squamata'' ( white-tufted honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera deningeri'' ( Buru honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera monticola'' ( Seram honeyeater) - LC * ''Lichmera notabilis'' ( black-chested honeyeater) - LC * ''Myzomela blasii'' ( drab myzomela) - LC * ''Myzomela kuehni'' ( Wetar myzomela) - NT * ''Myzomela dammermani'' ( Sumba myzomela) - LC * ''Myzomela chloroptera'' ( Sulawesi myzomela) - LC * ''Myzomela wakoloensis'' ( Wakolo myzomela) - LC * ''Myzomela boiei'' ( Banda myzomela) - LC

Acanthizidae

* ''Sericornis rufescens'' ( Vogelkop scrubwren) - LC * ''Gerygone hypoxantha'' ( Biak gerygone) - EN * ''Gerygone dorsalis'' ( rufous-sided gerygone) - LC

Artamidae Artamidae is a family of passerine birds found in Australia, the Indo-Pacific region, and Southern Asia. It includes 24 extant species in six genera and three subfamilies: Peltopsinae (with one genus, '' Peltops''), Artaminae (with one genus con ...

* ''Artamus monachus'' ( ivory-backed woodswallow) - LC

Campephagidae

* ''Coracina schistacea'' ( slaty cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina personata'' ( Wallacean cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina atriceps'' ( Moluccan cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina fortis'' ( Buru cuckooshrike) - NT * ''Coracina temminckii'' ( cerulean cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina bicolor'' ( pied cuckooshrike) - NT * ''Coracina leucopygia'' ( white-rumped cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina parvula'' ( Halmahera cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina abbotti'' ( pygmy cuckooshrike) - LC * ''Coracina dohertyi'' ( Sumba cicadabird) - LC * ''Coracina sula'' ( Sula cicadabird) - LC * ''Coracina dispar'' ( Kai cicadabird) - NT * ''Coracina morio'' ( Sulawesi cicadabird) - LC * ''Coracina ceramensis'' ( pale cicadabird) - LC * ''Lalage leucopygialis'' ( white-rumped triller) - LC * ''Lalage sueurii'' ( white-shouldered triller) - LC * ''Lalage aurea'' ( rufous-bellied triller) - LC * ''Lalage moesta'' ( white-browed triller) - LC * ''Pericrocotus lansbergei'' ( Flores minivet) - LC * ''Pericrocotus miniatus'' ( Sunda minivet) - LC

Pachycephalidae

* ''Hylocitrea bonensis'' ( olive-flanked whistler) - LC * ''Coracornis raveni'' ( maroon-backed whistler) - LC * ''Coracornis sanghirensis'' ( Sangihe shrikethrush) - CR * ''Pachycephala phaionota'' ( island whistler) - LC * ''Pachycephala sulfuriventer'' ( sulphur-bellied whistler) - LC * ''Pachycephala meyeri'' ( Vogelkop whistler) - LC * ''Pachycephala nudigula'' ( bare-throated whistler) - LC * ''Pachycephala mentalis'' ( black-chinned whistler) - NE * ''Pachycephala fulvotincta'' ( rusty-breasted whistler) - NE * ''Pachycephala griseonota'' ( drab whistler) - LC * ''Pachycephala arctitorquis'' ( Wallacean whistler) - LC

Oriolidae

* ''Sphecotheres hypoleucus'' ( Wetar figbird) - NT * ''Oriolus bouroensis'' ( black-eared oriole) - LC * ''Oriolus forsteni'' ( grey-collared oriole) - LC * ''Oriolus phaeochromus'' ( dusky-brown oriole) - LC * ''Pitohui cerviniventris'' ( Raja Ampat pitohui) - LC

Dicruridae

* ''Dicrurus sumatranus'' ( Sumatran drongo) - NT * ''Dicrurus montanus'' ( Sulawesi drongo) - LC * ''Dicrurus densus'' ( Wallacean drongo) - LC

Rhipiduridae The family Rhipiduridae are small insectivorous birds of Australasia, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent that includes the fantails and silktails. Taxonomy and systematics The family contains 55 species which are divided into four genera ...

* ''Eutrichomyias rowleyi'' (

cerulean flycatcher The cerulean flycatcher (''Eutrichomyias rowleyi'') is a medium-sized (up to 18 cm long), blue passerine with bright cerulean blue plumage, a bare white orbital ring, dark brown Iris (anatomy), iris, bluish black Beak, bill and pale blue-gre ...

) - CR * ''Rhipidura phoenicura'' ( rufous-tailed fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura euryura'' ( white-bellied fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura diluta'' ( brown-capped fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura fuscorufa'' ( cinnamon-tailed fantail) - NT * ''Rhipidura teysmanni'' ( Sulawesi fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura sulaensis'' ( Taliabu fantail) * ''Rhipidura superflua'' ( tawny-backed fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura dedemi'' ( streaky-breasted fantail) - LC * ''Rhipidura opistherythra'' ( long-tailed fantail) - NT

Monarchidae

* ''Monarcha pileatus'' ( white-naped monarch) - LC * ''Monarcha castus'' ( Loetoe monarch) - LC * ''Monarcha mundus'' ( black-bibbed monarch) - LC * ''Monarcha sacerdotum'' ( Flores monarch) - EN * ''Monarcha everetti'' ( white-tipped monarch) - EN * ''Monarcha loricatus'' ( black-tipped monarch) - LC * ''Monarcha boanensis'' ( black-chinned monarch) - CR * ''Monarcha leucurus'' ( white-tailed monarch) - NT * ''Monarcha julianae'' ( black-backed monarch) - DD * ''Monarcha brehmii'' ( Biak monarch) - EN * ''Myiagra atra'' ( Biak flycatcher) - NT * ''Myiagra galeata'' ( dark-grey flycatcher) - LC

Corvidae Corvidae is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of Songbird, oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, Rook (bird), rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and Nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers ...

* ''Corvus typicus'' ( piping crow) - LC * ''Corvus unicolor'' ( Banggai crow) - CR * ''Corvus florensis'' ( Flores crow) - EN * ''Corvus validus'' ( long-billed crow) - LC * ''Corvus fuscicapillus'' ( brown-headed crow) - NT

Paradisaeidae

* ''Cicinnurus regius'' ( King Bird-of-Paradise) * ''Paradisaea apoda'' ( Greater Bird-of-Paradise) * ''Paradisaea minor'' ( Lesser Bird-of-Paradise) * ''Cicinnurus magnificus'' ( Magnificent Bird-of-Paradise) * ''Lycocorax pyrrhopterus'' ( Halmahera paradise-crow) - LC * ''Lycocorax obiensis'' ( Obi paradise-crow) - LC * ''Paradigalla carunculata'' ( long-tailed paradigalla) - NT * ''Astrapia nigra'' ( Arfak astrapia) - LC *''Parotia berlepschi'' ( bronze parotia) - LC * ''Parotia sefilata'' ( western parotia) - LC * ''Cicinnurus respublica'' (

Wilson's bird-of-paradise Wilson's bird-of-paradise (''Diphyllodes respublica'') is a species of passerine bird of the family (biology), family Paradisaeidae. The first footage of the Wilson's bird-of-paradise ever to be filmed was recorded in 1996 by David Attenborough f ...

) - NT * ''Semioptera wallacii'' ( Wallace's standardwing) - LC * ''Paradisaea rubra'' ( red bird-of-paradise) - NT *''Lophorina niedda'' ( Vogelkop superb bird-of-paradise)

Petroicidae

* ''Peneothello cryptoleuca'' ( smoky robin) - LC * ''Microeca hemixantha'' ( golden-bellied flyrobin) - NT * ''Petroica archboldi'' ( Snow Mountain robin) - DD

Aegithalidae The bushtits or long-tailed tits are small passerine birds from the family (biology), family Aegithalidae, containing 13 species in three genera, all but one of which (''Psaltriparus'') are found in Eurasia. Bushtits are active birds with long t ...

* ''Psaltria exilis'' ( pygmy tit) - LC

Cisticolidae The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae. This family probably originated ...

* ''Prinia familiaris'' ( bar-winged prinia) - LC

Pycnonotidae The bulbuls are members of a family (biology), family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized perching bird, passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and in ...

* ''Pycnonotus leucogrammicus'' ( cream-striped bulbul) - LC * ''Pycnonotus tympanistrigus'' ( spot-necked bulbul) - NT * ''Pycnonotus bimaculatus'' ( orange-spotted bulbul) - LC * ''Pycnonotus snouckaerti'' ( Aceh bulbul) - NR * ''Alophoixus affinis'' ( Seram golden bulbul) - LC * ''Hypsipetes virescens'' ( green-winged bulbul) - LC

Cettiidae

* ''Tesia superciliaris'' ( Javan tesia) - LC * ''Tesia everetti'' ( russet-capped tesia) - LC * ''Cettia carolinae'' ( Tanimbar bush warbler) - NT

Locustellidae Locustellidae is a recently recognised family of small insectivorous songbirds (" warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler " wastebin" family. It contains the grasshopper warblers, grassbirds, and the '' Bradypterus'' " bush war ...

* ''Locustella montis'' ( Javan bush warbler) - LC

Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus ''Phylloscopus''. Leaf warblers were formerly included in the Old World warbler family but are now considered to belong to the family Phylloscopidae, introduced in 2006 ...

* ''Phylloscopus sarasinorum'' ( Sulawesi leaf warbler) - LC * ''Phylloscopus grammiceps'' ( Sunda warbler) - LC

Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 133 species and is divided into 16 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest v ...

* ''Garrulax rufifrons'' ( rufous-fronted laughingthrush) - NT * ''Crocias albonotatus'' ( spotted crocias) - NT

Pellorneidae

* ''Trichastoma celebense'' ( Sulawesi babbler) - LC * ''Trichastoma buettikoferi'' ( Sumatran babbler) - NT * ''Malacocincla perspicillata'' ( black-browed babbler) - VU * ''Napothera rufipectus'' ( rusty-breasted wren-babbler) - LC * ''Alcippe pyrrhoptera'' ( Javan fulvetta) - LC

Timaliidae

* ''Stachyris grammiceps'' ( white-breasted babbler) - NT * ''Stachyris thoracica'' ( white-bibbed babbler) - LC * ''Stachyris melanothorax'' ( crescent-chested babbler) - LC * ''Macronous flavicollis'' ( grey-cheeked tit-babbler) - LC * ''Malia grata'' ( malia) - LC

Zosteropidae The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the ...

* ''Zosterops salvadorii'' ( Enggano white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops chloris'' ( lemon-bellied white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops grayi'' ( pearl-bellied white-eye) - NT * ''Zosterops uropygialis'' ( golden-bellied white-eye) - NT * ''Zosterops consobrinorum'' ( pale-bellied white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops anomalus'' ( lemon-throated white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops wallacei'' ( yellow-spectacled white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops atrifrons'' ( black-crowned white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops nehrkorni'' ( Sangihe white-eye) - CR * ''Zosterops stalkeri'' ( Seram white-eye) - NE * ''Zosterops atriceps'' ( creamy-throated white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops mysorensis'' ( Biak white-eye) - NT * ''Zosterops buruensis'' ( Buru yellow white-eye) - LC * ''Zosterops kuehni'' ( Ambon yellow white-eye) - NT * ''Tephrozosterops stalkeri'' ( bicoloured white-eye) - LC * ''Madanga ruficollis'' ( rufous-throated white-eye) - EN * ''Lophozosterops javanicus'' ( Javan grey-throated white-eye) - LC * ''Lophozosterops squamiceps'' ( streaky-headed white-eye) - LC * ''Lophozosterops superciliaris'' ( yellow-browed white-eye) - LC * ''Lophozosterops pinaiae'' ( grey-hooded white-eye) - LC * ''Lophozosterops dohertyi'' ( crested white-eye) - LC * ''Heleia crassirostris'' ( thick-billed white-eye) - LC

Sturnidae

* ''Aplonis crassa'' ( Tanimbar starling) - NT * ''Aplonis mysolensis'' ( Moluccan starling) - LC * ''Aplonis magna'' ( long-tailed starling) - LC * ''Basilornis celebensis'' ( Sulawesi myna) - LC * ''Basilornis galeatus'' ( helmeted myna) - NT * ''Basilornis corythaix'' ( long-crested myna) - LC * ''Streptocitta albicollis'' ( white-necked myna) - LC * ''Streptocitta albertinae'' ( bare-eyed myna) - NT * ''Enodes erythrophris'' ( fiery-browed myna) - LC * ''Scissirostrum dubium'' ( finch-billed myna) - LC * ''Leucopsar rothschildi'' (

Bali starling The Bali myna (''Leucopsar rothschildi''), also known as Rothschild's mynah, Bali starling, or Bali mynah, locally known as jalak Bali, is a medium-sized (up to long), stocky myna, almost wholly white with a long, drooping crest, and black ti ...

) - CR * ''Sturnus melanopterus'' ( black-winged starling) - EN

Turdidae The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flyca ...

* ''Myophonus melanurus'' ( shiny whistling-thrush) - LC * ''Myophonus glaucinus'' ( Javan whistling-thrush) - LC * ''Myophonus castaneus'' ( chestnut-winged whistling-thrush) - NE * ''Zoothera heinrichi'' ( geomalia) - NT * ''Zoothera schistacea'' ( slaty-backed thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera dumasi'' ( Buru thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera joiceyi'' ( Seram thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera leucolaema'' ( Enggano thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera erythronota'' ( red-backed thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera mendeni'' ( red-and-black thrush) - NT * ''Zoothera machiki'' ( fawn-breasted thrush) - NT * ''Cataponera turdoides'' ( Sulawesi thrush) - LC * ''Cochoa beccarii'' ( Sumatran cochoa) - VU * ''Cochoa azurea'' ( Javan cochoa) - VU * ''Heinrichia calligyna'' ( great shortwing) - LC

Muscicapidae The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica'') and north ...

* ''Cinclidium diana'' ( Sunda robin) - LC * ''Enicurus velatus'' ( Sunda forktail) - LC * ''Eumyias additus'' ( Buru jungle flycatcher) - NT * ''Muscicapa segregata'' ( Sumba brown flycatcher) - NT * ''Ficedula rufigula'' ( rufous-throated flycatcher) - NT * ''Ficedula buruensis'' ( cinnamon-chested flycatcher) - LC * ''Ficedula henrici'' ( Damar flycatcher) - VU * ''Ficedula harterti'' ( Sumba flycatcher) - LC * ''Ficedula bonthaina'' ( Lompobattang flycatcher) - EN * ''Cyornis sanfordi'' ( Matinan flycatcher) - EN * ''Cyornis hoevelli'' ( blue-fronted flycatcher) - LC * ''Cyornis ruckii'' ( Rueck's blue-flycatcher) - CR * ''Cyornis omissus'' ( Sulawesi blue-flycatcher) - LC * ''Cyornis oscillans'' ( Flores jungle flycatcher) - LC * ''Cyornis stresemanni'' ( Sumba jungle flycatcher) - LC * ''Cyornis colonus'' ( Sula jungle flycatcher) - NT * ''Cyornis pelingensis'' ( Banggai jungle flycatcher)

Chloropseidae

* ''Chloropsis media'' ( Sumatran leafbird) - LC * ''Chloropsis venusta'' (

blue-masked leafbird The blue-masked leafbird (''Chloropsis venusta'') is a species of bird in the family Chloropseidae. It is endemic to humid montane forest in the western regions of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Generally, it lives in areas from 600 to 1,500 ...

) - NT

Dicaeidae The flowerpeckers are a family (biology), family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises three genera, ''Dicaeum'', ''Prionochilus'' and ''Pachyglossa'', with 56 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarge ...

* ''Dicaeum annae'' ( golden-rumped flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum aureolimbatum'' ( yellow-sided flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum nehrkorni'' ( crimson-crowned flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum erythrothorax'' ( flame-breasted flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum vulneratum'' ( ashy flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum igniferum'' ( black-fronted flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum celebicum'' ( grey-sided flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum sanguinolentum'' ( blood-breasted flowerpecker) - LC * ''Dicaeum trochileum'' ( scarlet-headed flowerpecker) - LC

Nectariniidae Sunbirds and spiderhunters make up the family Nectariniidae of passerine birds. They are small, slender passerines from the Old World, usually with downward-curved bills. Many are brightly coloured, often with iridescent feathers, particularly i ...

* ''Nectarinia buettikoferi'' ( apricot-breasted sunbird) - LC * ''Aethopyga duyvenbodei'' ( elegant sunbird) - EN * ''Aethopyga eximia'' ( white-flanked sunbird) - LC * ''Aethopyga mystacalis'' ( Javan sunbird) - LC

Estrildidae

* ''Lonchura molucca'' ( black-faced munia) - LC * ''Lonchura ferruginosa'' ( white-capped munia) - LC * ''Lonchura quinticolor'' ( five-colored munia) - LC * ''Lonchura pallida'' ( pale-headed munia) - LC * ''Lonchura vana'' ( grey-banded munia) - VU * ''Lonchura montana'' ( Snow Mountain munia) - LC * ''Lonchura teerinki'' ( black-breasted munia) - LC * ''Padda oryzivora'' (

Java sparrow The Java sparrow (''Padda oryzivora''; Japanese: 文鳥, ''bunchō''), also known as the Java finch, Java rice sparrow or Java rice bird, is a small passerine bird. This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in Java, Bali and Bawean in In ...

) - VU

Notes

References

* Birdlife International, ''The World List of Threatened Birds'', * Birdlife International, ''Endemic Bird Areas of the World'', * Morten Strange, ''A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Indonesia'', * Periplus Action Guides, ''Birding Indonesia'', * The Howard and Moore, ''Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World'', {{ISBN, 0-691-11701-2

External links

BirdLife International

IUCN Red List searchpage
'endemic 'birds Birds, endemic

Endemic birds of Indonesia