Ende (town)
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Ende is the seat capital of the
Ende Regency Ende Regency is a Regency (Indonesia), regency on the island of Flores, within East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The regency covers an area of 2,091.19 km2, and it had a population of 260,605 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Ja ...
,
East Nusa Tenggara East Nusa Tenggara (; ) is the southernmost province of Indonesia. It comprises the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, facing the Indian Ocean in the south and the Flores Sea in the north, with a total land area of 47,238.07 km2. It cons ...
province of
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
. Ende is located on the southern coast of
Flores Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Administratively, it forms the largest island in the East Nusa Tenggara Province. The area is 14,250 km2. Including Komodo and Rinca islands ...
Island. The town had a population of 87,269 residents at the 2020 census, divided administratively between four districts (''kecamatan'') of the regency – Ende Selatan, Ende Timur, Ende Tengah, and Ende Utara.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Ende Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5308) Note that this does not include Ende District (which is a mainly rural district outside the town limits) or Pulau Ende District (the offshore Ende Island). The official estimate as at mid 2024 was 89,519.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Ende Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5308)


History

Ende was the site of a kingdom that existed around the end of 18th century. The people of the area therefore known as Lio-Ende people. For many decades Ende has been a center of government, trade, education, and political activities. Rebellion against the
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
was led by a certain Nipa Do known as the wars of
Watu Api The Watumull Institute of Electronics Engineering and Computer Technology is an engineering college in Ulhasnagar, Thane District. It has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). WIEECT was established in 198 ...
and Mari Longa (1916–1917). In 1934, the nationalist leader,
Sukarno Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independenc ...
, who later became Indonesia's first president was exiled to eastern Indonesia by the Dutch colonial government.


Villages

The four districts (''kecamatan'') comprising the town are tabulated below with their areas and their populations as at mid 2024, together with their postcodes: They are sub-divided administratively into 16 urban (''kelurahan'') and 9 rural (''desa'') villages. *Ende Selatan (South Ende) consists of the 5 ''kelurahan'' of Mbongawani, Paupanda, Rukunlima, Tanjung and Tetandara; *Ende Timur (East Ende) consists of the 3 ''kelurahan'' of Mautapaga, Rewarangga and Rewarangga Selatan, plus the 3 ''desa'' of Kedebodu, Ndungga and Tiwutewa; *Ende Tengah (Central Ende) consists of the 4 ''kelurahan'' of Kelimutu, Onekore, Paupire and Potulando; *Ende Utara (North Ende) consists of the 4 ''kelurahan'' of Kota Raja, Kota Ratu, Roworena and Roworena Barat, plus the 6 ''desa'' of Borokanda, Embundoa, Gheoghoma, Raterua, Mbomba and Watusipi.


Attractions

The Bung Karno Museum is the old house occupied by Sukarno during his years of exile in Ende. Most of the old furniture are still there. While he was exiled in Ende, Sukarno wrote and held several plays, together with Tonel Kelimutu Theatre Group. Among the plays were '' Rendorua Ola Nggera Nusa'' (''Rendo that stirred the archipelago'') and ''Doctor Satan'', a revision on the story of ''
Dr. Frankenstein Victor Frankenstein is a fictional character who first appeared as the titular main protagonist of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel '' Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus''. He is an Italian-born Swiss scientist who, after studying chemical process ...
''. Near the football field in Ende stands a big
breadfruit Breadfruit (''Artocarpus altilis'') is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family ( Moraceae) believed to have been selectively bred in Polynesia from the breadnut ('' Artocarpus camansi''). Breadfruit was spread into ...
tree. Under the tree, Sukarno often sat, working on political ideas to lead Indonesia to independence. Those reflections contributed to the opening of Pancasila concept, which is now the state philosophy of Indonesia. From here Pancasila was born. Today, the Pancasila Birth Monument stands on this place. During a visit to Ende in June 2013, Vice President
Boediono Boediono (Perfected Spelling System, EYD: Budiono, pronounced ; born 25 February 1943) is an Indonesian politician and economist who served as the 11th Vice President of Indonesia, vice president of Indonesia from 2009 to 2014. He became vice pr ...
spoke of the importance of the idea of Pancasila for Indonesia and officiated over a ceremony to open a monument to the work of Sukarno in Ende.Markus Makur,
Pancasila commemorations in Ende: Where it all began'
''The Jakarta Post'', 3 June 2013.
Another attraction is Christ the King Cathedral, which is the seat of the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ende The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ende () is a Latin metropolitan archdiocese in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Its cathedral is the Christ the King Cathedral in the city of Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. History The archdioce ...
. The well-known tourist spot of Mount Kelimutu with three coloured volcanic lakes is about to the east of Ende. While in Ende there is an opportunity to tryout the local type of coffee “Kopi End”'. Coffee beans and ginger toasted together and brewed as normal.


Transportation

The town is served by H. Hasan Aroeboesman Airport or Ende airport.


Climate

Ende has a
tropical savanna climate Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories ''Aw'' (for a dry "winter") and ''As'' (for a dry "summer"). The driest month has less than ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Aw'') with a long dry season and short wet season.


See also

*
Ende language (Indonesia) Ende is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. It belongs to the Central Flores subgroup. Phonology Grammar Like all Central Flores languages, End ...
* Li'o language


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ende Populated places in East Nusa Tenggara Flores Island (Indonesia) Regency seats of East Nusa Tenggara