Encouraging Bear, also known as Horn Chips (

Lakota Lakota may refer to: *Lakota people, a confederation of seven related Native American tribes *Lakota language Lakota ( ), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan languages, Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of ...

: ''Ptehé Wóptuȟ’a''), was a noted

Oglala Lakota The Oglala (pronounced , meaning 'to scatter one's own' in Lakota language, Lakota) are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota people, Dakota, make up the Sioux, Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). A ...

medicine man A medicine man (from Ojibwe ''mashkikiiwinini'') or medicine woman (from Ojibwe ''mashkikiiwininiikwe'') is a traditional healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the Americas. Each culture has its own name i ...

, and the spiritual advisor to

Crazy Horse Crazy Horse ( , ; – September 5, 1877) was a Lakota people, Lakota war leader of the Oglala band. He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by White Americans, White American settlers on Nativ ...

, a

war leader of the

Oglala The Oglala (pronounced , meaning 'to scatter one's own' in Lakota) are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota, make up the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). A majority of the Oglala live on the P ...

band in the 19th century. Horn Chips was born in 1824 near Ft. Teton. He was orphaned as a young child and raised by his grandmother. Later he was adopted by the uncle of Crazy Horse. Chips and Crazy Horse were raised together. He is said to have had the gift of prophecy, being able to change the weather, and find lost objects and missing people. He is also acknowledged as the man who saved traditional Lakota religion from extinction and trained a number of successors. Chips was present when Crazy Horse was killed. When the soldier jerked the bayonet from Crazy Horse's body, he hit Chips in the shoulder with the butt and dislocated his shoulder. Chips buried Crazy Horse, and he was the only person who knew the body's location. Horn Chips contributed to the popularity of a Lakota healing ceremony called yuwipi. He was interviewed about Crazy Horse in 1907.{{Cite book, last=Hardorff, first=Richard G., url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9z3-nyIxH4C&q=%22encouraging+bear%22&pg=PA74, title=The Death of Crazy Horse: A Tragic Episode in Lakota History, date=2001-01-01, publisher=U of Nebraska Press, isbn=978-0-8032-7325-2, language=en Chips, who had a wife and four children, reportedly renounced his faith for Catholicism shortly before his death in 1913 or 1916.

References

*Hirschfelder, Arlene, and Molin, Paulette. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Religions: An Introduction''. (New York: Facts on File, 1992) Oglala people Religious figures of the indigenous peoples of North America American animists