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The inānga (also known as ''enanga, ennanga, ikivuvu,'' and ''indimbagazo)'' is a traditional
Natural fibers are used to make the strings; traditionally, animal guts or muscle was used, but nowadays, nylon and metal strings can be used. These strings are typically grouped into the following: the ''imihanuro'', the top two strings, the ''imirya y'amajwi-ihibongoza'', the middle strings, and the ''imyakiro'', the last two strings. The strings actually consist only of one, very long string that's threaded through the notches. It is then fastened to a wooden peg. The inānga follows the
In the past, the inānga was primarily played by professional musicians for chiefs; they typically sang epic and historical songs praising their patron.
Children are not usually taught to play inānga. A father generally keeps his inānga in a visible place, and the child learns to play on his own. Inānga playing is typically considered to be a male activity, and most known inānga players are male.
In Burundi, the inānga was traditionally played for the mwamis of Burundi as they rested at night. The inānga was also played to cows, for it was thought that they loved the sound. It is considered to be the first instrument to be invented in the country.
In Rwanda, the inānga is considered to be one of the important and revered music instruments. Some notable Rwandan inānga players include: Thomas Kirusu,{{cite news , title= Thomas Kirusu dies at 80 , work= The New Times , place= Rwanda , date= 4 December 2022 , url= https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/33388/Leisure/thomas-kirusu-dies-at-80 , quote= The country has lost one of the most talented traditional artists... escription: Obituary shows Thomas Kirusu with an Inanga trough zither, access-date= 7 March 2023 , archive-date= 4 December 2022 , archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183831/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/33388/Leisure/thomas-kirusu-dies-at-80 , url-status= bot: unknown Victor Kabarira, Sentore Masamba, Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, and Sophie Nzayisenga.
musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make Music, musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. A person ...
played in Burundi
Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa, with a population of over 14 million peop ...
, Rwanda
Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...
, Uganda
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...
, and parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It consists of a slightly concave soundboard framed by a thick notched rim which holds strings in place over the board. Ināngas typically have between six and eight strings.
Construction & use
Ināngas range from 75 cm to 1 m in length, and 25 to 30 cm in width. There are two types of decorations for the soundboard: star-shaped or oval incisions, which are referred to as "the eyes of the inanga" and serve to distribute sound, and burnt wood markings. Ināngas are made of a number of trees, including the igiháhe, umwūngo, umukoni or umunyáre.
Natural fibers are used to make the strings; traditionally, animal guts or muscle was used, but nowadays, nylon and metal strings can be used. These strings are typically grouped into the following: the ''imihanuro'', the top two strings, the ''imirya y'amajwi-ihibongoza'', the middle strings, and the ''imyakiro'', the last two strings. The strings actually consist only of one, very long string that's threaded through the notches. It is then fastened to a wooden peg. The inānga follows the pentatonic scale
A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale).
Pentatonic scales were developed independently by many ancient ci ...
. The player tunes the instrument by tightening and loosening the instrument accordingly.
The player assumes a sitting posture, resting the instrument against the player's lap. The strings are plucked at full length, but timbral distinctions can be made by plucking at different points along the strings' length. The inānga is almost always played to accompany the player singing a repeated, melodic motif in a distinct, whispery voice. These songs usually concern traditional folklore, historical events, personal experiences, or everyday incidents.
Culture
In the past, the inānga was primarily played by professional musicians for chiefs; they typically sang epic and historical songs praising their patron.
Children are not usually taught to play inānga. A father generally keeps his inānga in a visible place, and the child learns to play on his own. Inānga playing is typically considered to be a male activity, and most known inānga players are male.
In Burundi, the inānga was traditionally played for the mwamis of Burundi as they rested at night. The inānga was also played to cows, for it was thought that they loved the sound. It is considered to be the first instrument to be invented in the country.
In Rwanda, the inānga is considered to be one of the important and revered music instruments. Some notable Rwandan inānga players include: Thomas Kirusu,{{cite news , title= Thomas Kirusu dies at 80 , work= The New Times , place= Rwanda , date= 4 December 2022 , url= https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/33388/Leisure/thomas-kirusu-dies-at-80 , quote= The country has lost one of the most talented traditional artists... escription: Obituary shows Thomas Kirusu with an Inanga trough zither, access-date= 7 March 2023 , archive-date= 4 December 2022 , archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183831/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/33388/Leisure/thomas-kirusu-dies-at-80 , url-status= bot: unknown Victor Kabarira, Sentore Masamba, Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, and Sophie Nzayisenga.
References