Emzar Kvitsiani ( ka, ემზარ კვიციანი, ; born 25 April 1961) is a former
Georgian military commander and politician. He took part in the
War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), forming a paramilitary group ''
Monadire'' in the upper
Kodori valley
,
, photo =
, photo_caption =
, map = Caucasus mountains#Georgia#Georgia Abkhazia
, map_image =
, map_caption =
, location =
, country_type = Internationally recognised ...
, guarding it from
Abkhaz forces. He was mainly active in
Kodori valley
,
, photo =
, photo_caption =
, map = Caucasus mountains#Georgia#Georgia Abkhazia
, map_image =
, map_caption =
, location =
, country_type = Internationally recognised ...
, which he ran ''de facto'' through his militia from 1992 to 2006. In 1999,
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Film and television
*'' Præsident ...
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgi ...
appointed Kvitsiani to the post of President's special envoy to Kodori valley. In 2001, Kvitsiani allegedly cooperated with Chechen field commander
Ruslan Gelayev in an
attempt
An attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur.''Criminal Law - ...
to bring Abkhazia back under Georgian control. Kvitsiani opposed the
Rose Revolution, which subsequently led to confrontation with the Georgia's central authorities under
Mikheil Saakashvili
Mikheil "Misha" Saakashvili (born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. He is the founder and former chair ...
. President Sakaashvili removed him from his official government position in December 2004 and later disbanded the ''Monadire'' in April 2005. Kvitsiani declared defiance to the authorities in 2006 and was subsequently
ousted by the Georgian government forces. He fled to
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
, but, in 2014, he was arrested on his return to Georgia, initially sentenced to 16 years in jail, and then released under a plea bargain in early 2015.
He was one of the leaders of the
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia and a member of
Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს პარლამენტი, tr) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully pr ...
.
Career
Kvitsiani was born in 1961 in the village of
Chkhalta, part of the predominantly ethnic Georgian
Svan upper Kodori valley in the then-
Soviet Abkhazia, an
autonomous republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. Ma ...
within the
Georgian SSR
The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by the Red Army) in 1921 to its independence in 1991. Cotermin ...
. He finished the
Novosibirsk Institute of National Economy and later graduated the Kyiv General Staff Academy with honors.
[ ] According various reports, he had a criminal record during the Soviet period.
A detailed academic study claims he developed contacts to Soviet organized crime while in jail, and that after his release he was involved in running illegal casinos in Abkhazia.
After the
secessionist war broke out in Abkhazia in 1992, Kvitsiani organized a militia force of several hundred fighters named ''Monadire'' ("the Hunter") in the upper Kodori valley in order to fend off the Abkhaz threat. He succeeded in keeping the strategically crucial gorge under the control of his militia after the retreat of the Georgian forces from Abkhazia in 1993, though militia in the area reportedly also demanded money and possessions from fleeing civilians, in exchange for passage.
Following the war, Kvitsiani maintained nominal dependence on the central government of Georgia. The then-
President of Georgia
The president of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, tr) is the ceremonial head of state of Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus
* Georgia (U ...
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgi ...
attempted to channel Kvitsiani's activities into the legal framework of the Georgian state apparatus. Kvitsiani was appointed deputy special state envoy to the Kodori valley in 1997 and then special state envoy to that area in 2000. He and his men entertained good relations with the Abkhaz people despite numerous skirmishes and incidents occurring over the years. According to his own claims, Abkhaz representatives occasionally tried to persuade him to sign a four-sided treaty that would effectively transfer control of the valley over to the Sukhumi administration. Kvitsiani however always refused and also countered various armed incursions, mostly in a pacifying manner.
He earned the Abkhazians respect by treating prisoners well and in some cases even releasing them with their arms returned. In 1998, his militia was made a special battalion of the
Georgian Armed Forces, but the government had little control of it.
[ In 2004 on behalf of the Georgian government Emzar Kvitsiani was also engaged and partially responsible in convincing the Abkhazians to clear minefields that were deployed during the war. In return minefields laid by the Georgian army would be removed as well.
Kvitsiani's role in the abduction of the ]United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
and Georgian officials in Kodori in the 1990s, the 2001 Kodori crisis, and various supposed criminal activities in the region have been disputed. During the Rose Revolution in Georgia in November 2003, he was in Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia ( ...
and supported Shevardnadze, after whose abdication, Kvitsiani was removed from his official position by the new President Mikheil Saakashvili
Mikheil "Misha" Saakashvili (born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. He is the founder and former chair ...
in December 2004, while his unit was declared disbanded in April 2005. Kvitsiani defied the move and, on 22 July 2006, declared disobedience to the government of Georgia. In an ensuing crisis, the Georgian forces moved in into the valley and besieged Kvitsiani in Chkhalta. In a clash that the Georgian military's US advisers would later view as "less than stellar" according to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL ...
, Kvitsiani did not put up significant resistance. During a crossfire, a local woman was killed. To avoid further casualties, Kvitsiani and the remnant of his followers were allowed through a military cordon. Georgia set up a local administration of the valley under the aegis of the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, but lost control over it during the August 2008 Russia–Georgia war. Kvitsiani has repeatedly stressed and maintains to this date that the former Georgian leadership
Leadership, is defined as the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or organizations.
"Leadership" is a contested term. Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the co ...
under grip of powerful outside influence has purposefully worked towards handing over the Kodori valley and that it was their plan all along.
After his ouster from the Kodori valley, Kvitsiani eventually fled to the Russian North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
, from where he issued threats of guerrilla warfare to the Georgian government. Later caught by Russian special services, he managed to escape after reportedly being tortured. He remained wanted by Georgia for charges related to the formation of an illegal armed group and an armed mutiny.[ His sister, Nora Kvitsiani, was arrested on similar charges and sentenced 6.5 years in prison, but she was released by a parole board.][
]
Arrest and trial
On 28 February 2014, Kvitsiani, flew from Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
to Tbilisi, where he was arrested upon his arrival at the Tbilisi International Airport. He declared he knew the authorities were going to arrest him, but he wanted to cooperate and seek justice.[ On 17 November 2014, a court in the west Georgian town of Zugdidi found Kvitsiani guilty of mutiny and of forming an illegal armed group — charges Kvitsiani denied.][ He was sentenced to 16 years in jail, but released after the ]Kutaisi
Kutaisi ( ; ka, ქუთაისი ) is a city in the Imereti region of the Georgia (country), Republic of Georgia. One of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the List o ...
court of appeals approved a plea bargain deal between him and the prosecution on 28 January 2015.
Political engagement post-2015
Kvitsiani is one of the leaders of the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia, a populist party that gained six seats in the parliamentary elections in Georgia in October 2016.
In 2018, Kvitsiani proposed a law to ban the wearing of burqa
A burqa or burka (; ) is an enveloping outer garment worn by some Muslim women which fully covers the body and the face. Also known as a chadaree (; ) or chaadar (Dari: چادر) in Afghanistan, or a ''paranja'' (; ; ) in Central Asia, the Ara ...
and niqab in public. The parliament of Georgia considered the proposal. Kvitsiani has also been seen at several rallies in Tbilisi held by Georgian March, a far-right, anti-LGBT and anti-immigration group.
During a televised interview in April 2018, Kvitsiani said that he was forced to collaborate with Russian special services, notably with the GRU
Gru is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ''Despicable Me'' film series.
Gru or GRU may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* Gru (rapper), Serbian rapper
* Gru, an antagonist in '' The Kine Saga''
Organizations Georgia (c ...
. He said that he was forced to make statements by them, although "as for statements, for me an important thing was, that they ussian special serviceswould not offer me any activities, but statements meant nothing for me." He said that his family was held in Moscow and he had to make these statements to save his family.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kvitsiani, Emzar
1961 births
Living people
People from Gulripshi District
Military personnel from Georgia (country)